{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1590250692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","title":"New Information Reported Under HMDA and Its Application in Fair Lending Enforcement","display_name":"New Information Reported Under HMDA and Its Application in Fair Lending Enforcement","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1590250692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","mag":"1590250692"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764813740","display_name":"Federal Reserve Bulletin","issn_l":"0014-9209","issn":["0014-9209","1944-8910"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366305935","host_organization_name":"Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366305935"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Federal Reserve Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112332551","display_name":"Robert B. Avery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317239608","display_name":"Federal Reserve","ror":"https://ror.org/05fk5tr28","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802905149","display_name":"Federal Reserve Board of Governors","ror":"https://ror.org/00v448643","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608","https://openalex.org/I2802905149"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert B. Avery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608","https://openalex.org/I2802905149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059715351","display_name":"Glenn B. Canner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317239608","display_name":"Federal Reserve","ror":"https://ror.org/05fk5tr28","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802905149","display_name":"Federal Reserve Board of Governors","ror":"https://ror.org/00v448643","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608","https://openalex.org/I2802905149"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Glenn B. Canner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608","https://openalex.org/I2802905149"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001256675","display_name":"Robert E. Cook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert E. Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.3425,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99381311,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"91.0","issue":"3","first_page":"0","last_page":"0"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.7124000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.7124000191688538,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.19419999420642853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11645","display_name":"Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies","score":0.07450000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/home-mortgage-disclosure-act","display_name":"Home Mortgage Disclosure Act","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regulation-c","display_name":"Regulation C","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/borrower-characteristics","display_name":"borrower characteristics","score":0.36899998784065247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.7500122785568237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777764128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539","display_name":"Loan","level":2,"score":0.6948064565658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.6583548784255981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6352120637893677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.4823557734489441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4754985272884369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.38405001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.3467879891395569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.06931576132774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.06418365240097046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.059081822633743286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764813740","display_name":"Federal Reserve Bulletin","issn_l":"0014-9209","issn":["0014-9209","1944-8910"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366305935","host_organization_name":"Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366305935"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Federal Reserve Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:fip:fedgrb:y:2005:i:sum:p:344-394:n:v.91no.3","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/summer05_hmda.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.federalreserve.gov/pubs/bulletin/2005/summer05_hmda.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.17016/bulletin.2005.91-3","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764813740","display_name":"Federal Reserve Bulletin","issn_l":"0014-9209","issn":["0014-9209","1944-8910"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4366305935","host_organization_name":"Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4366305935"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System"],"type":"journal"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Federal Reserve Bulletin","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332776","display_name":"Farm Service Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/050m26017"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332777","display_name":"Rural Housing Service","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1590250692.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1590250692.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7111537675","https://openalex.org/W255351660","https://openalex.org/W2916465555","https://openalex.org/W7056578299","https://openalex.org/W1576636037","https://openalex.org/W2282481058","https://openalex.org/W1598373270","https://openalex.org/W228946187","https://openalex.org/W2578762210","https://openalex.org/W1538472299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"2002":[1],"the":[2,12,21,29,34,46,52,58,73,77,80,101,119,131,164,169,178],"Federal":[3],"Reserve":[4],"Board":[5],"amended":[6],"its":[7],"Regulation":[8],"C,":[9],"which":[10],"implements":[11],"Home":[13],"Mortgage":[14],"Disclosure":[15],"Act":[16],"of":[17,23,51,97,118,121,130,143,150,168],"1975,":[18],"to":[19,33,44,56,75,184],"expand":[20],"types":[22,120],"information":[24,170],"that":[25,123],"lenders":[26],"covered":[27],"by":[28],"law":[30],"must":[31],"disclose":[32],"public":[35],"about":[36,104],"their":[37,98],"home-lending":[38],"activities.":[39,189],"The":[40,107,155],"amendments":[41],"are":[42,72,124,181],"intended":[43],"improve":[45],"quality,":[47],"consistency,":[48],"and":[49,55,94,137,147,153,160,166],"utility":[50],"reported":[53,69],"data":[54,93,122,180],"keep":[57],"regulation":[59],"in":[60,65,79,114,158,161],"step":[61],"with":[62],"recent":[63],"developments":[64],"home-loan":[66],"markets.":[67],"Data":[68],"for":[70,100,126],"2004":[71],"first":[74,87],"reflect":[76],"changes":[78],"reporting":[81],"rules.":[82],"This":[83],"article":[84],"presents":[85],"a":[86],"look":[88],"at":[89],"these":[90],"greatly":[91],"expanded":[92],"considers":[95],"some":[96,110,162],"implications":[99],"continuing":[102],"concerns":[103],"fair":[105,186],"lending.":[106],"analysis":[108,132],"highlights":[109],"key":[111],"relationships":[112],"revealed":[113],"an":[115],"initial":[116],"review":[117],"new":[125,179],"2004.":[127],"Some":[128],"parts":[129],"focus":[133],"on":[134,171],"nationwide":[135],"statistics,":[136],"others":[138],"examine":[139],"patterns":[140],"across":[141],"groups":[142],"lenders,":[144],"loan":[145,172],"products,":[146],"various":[148],"groupings":[149],"applicants,":[151],"borrowers,":[152],"neighborhoods.":[154],"authors":[156],"explore,":[157],"particular":[159],"depth,":[163],"strengths":[165],"limitations":[167],"pricing.":[173],"They":[174],"also":[175],"describe":[176],"how":[177],"being":[182],"used":[183],"enhance":[185],"lending":[187],"enforcement":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
