{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1589932684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.112.1.359","title":"Macrophage Control of Time-Dependent Changes in Antigen Sensitivity of Immune T Lymphocyte Populations","display_name":"Macrophage Control of Time-Dependent Changes in Antigen Sensitivity of Immune T Lymphocyte Populations","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1589932684","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.112.1.359","mag":"1589932684","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4544193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4049/jimmunol.112.1.359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.112.1.359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.112.1.359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037256279","display_name":"Benjamin E. Cohen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benjamin E Cohen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110180932","display_name":"William E. Paul","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134534","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William E Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health From the , Bethesda, Maryland 20014","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210134534"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1722,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74723048,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"112","issue":"1","first_page":"359","last_page":"369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.9136000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.07769999653100967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophages","display_name":"macrophages","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cells","display_name":"T cells","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-sensitivity","display_name":"antigen sensitivity","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-presentation","display_name":"antigen presentation","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hapten-protein-conjugates","display_name":"hapten-protein conjugates","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peritoneal-exudate-lymphocytes","display_name":"peritoneal exudate lymphocytes","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytophilic-antibodies","display_name":"cytophilic antibodies","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affinity-maturation","display_name":"affinity maturation","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-receptor-affinity","display_name":"T cell receptor affinity","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-cell-heterogeneity","display_name":"T cell heterogeneity","score":0.6869999766349792}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.8475207090377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.6640583872795105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778177356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19903955","display_name":"Dinitrophenyl","level":3,"score":0.6295486688613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.5874370336532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777761686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q715347","display_name":"Lymphocyte","level":2,"score":0.5493044257164001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5469605326652527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.49378666281700134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91523082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420496","display_name":"Antiserum","level":3,"score":0.47655680775642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992881475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193529","display_name":"T lymphocyte","level":3,"score":0.4591684937477112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.45414116978645325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29144244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q506441","display_name":"Hapten","level":3,"score":0.44668257236480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.3712087869644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.3635636866092682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.1278219223022461}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000937","descriptor_name":"Antigen-Antibody Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000941","descriptor_name":"Antigens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001202","descriptor_name":"Ascitic Fluid","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004140","descriptor_name":"Dinitrophenols","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004247","descriptor_name":"DNA","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006168","descriptor_name":"Guinea Pigs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006241","descriptor_name":"Haptens","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007462","descriptor_name":"Iodobenzenes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008213","descriptor_name":"Lymphocyte Activation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008214","descriptor_name":"Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012709","descriptor_name":"Serum Albumin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013450","descriptor_name":"Sulfones","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013601","descriptor_name":"T-Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013936","descriptor_name":"Thymidine","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014316","descriptor_name":"Tritium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4049/jimmunol.112.1.359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.112.1.359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.112.1.359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S38008053","display_name":"The Journal of Immunology","issn_l":"0022-1767","issn":["0022-1767","1550-6606"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800377","host_organization_name":"American Association of Immunologists","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800377"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Immunologists"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4544193","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4544193","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.504800021648407,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4313309251","https://openalex.org/W1575736173","https://openalex.org/W2101019091","https://openalex.org/W1508065155","https://openalex.org/W1906481033","https://openalex.org/W2395163028","https://openalex.org/W1978083688","https://openalex.org/W1495348553","https://openalex.org/W2098045571","https://openalex.org/W1512770696"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,42,135],"the":[2,5,21,39,58,61,69,74,91,96,105,116,119,127,144,159,162,165,196,213,216,276],"course":[3],"of":[4,25,47,60,71,95,107,129,146,156,164,173,198,204,215,225,242,251,261,287,291],"immune":[6],"response":[7,52,59,166,282],"to":[8,66,73,112,151,167,187,201,221,247],"a":[9,17,44,259,271,288],"hapten-protein":[10],"conjugate,":[11],"2,4-dinitrophenyl":[12],"(DNP)-guinea":[13],"pig":[14],"albumin":[15],"(GPA),":[16],"major":[18],"increase":[19,80,89,103,194],"in":[20,22,81,90,104,109,192,195,235,238,258,275,280],"vitro":[23],"antigen-sensitivity":[24,214],"peritoneal":[26],"exudate":[27],"lymphocyte":[28,131,253],"(L)":[29],"populations":[30,37],"occurs.":[31],"The":[32,51,79,245],"predominant":[33],"cell":[34],"within":[35],"these":[36,136,199],"is":[38,118,122,229,267,270],"T":[40,62,75,99,113,243,252,277],"lymphocyte.":[41],"addition":[43],"small":[45],"percentage":[46],"macrophages":[48,108,142,220],"are":[49],"present.":[50],"measured,":[53],"antigen-stimulated":[54],"DNA":[55],"synthesis,":[56],"reflects":[57],"lymphocytes":[63,76,100,160],"but":[64,263],"appears":[65],"depend":[67],"upon":[68],"presentation":[70],"antigen":[72,82,94,111,147,169,228],"by":[77,124,218],"macrophages.":[78],"sensitivity":[83,148,197],"thus":[84],"might":[85],"either":[86],"reflect":[87],"an":[88,102,193],"affinity":[92],"for":[93],"receptors":[97,254],"on":[98],"or":[101],"efficiency":[106],"presenting":[110],"lymphocytes.":[114,244,293],"That":[115],"latter":[117],"correct":[120],"interpretation":[121],"indicated":[123],"experiments":[125,137],"involving":[126],"mixing":[128],"defined":[130],"and":[132,153],"macrophage":[133],"populations.":[134],"it":[138],"was":[139],"shown":[140],"that":[141,208,268],"controlled":[143,161],"pattern":[145],"(relative":[149],"responsiveness":[150],"low":[152,202,232],"high":[154,168],"concentrations":[155,203],"antigen)":[157],"while":[158],"magnitude":[163],"concentrations.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"preincubation":[172],"cells":[174,200,278],"from":[175,183],"animals":[176,184],"immunized":[177,185],"7":[178],"days":[179,189],"earlier":[180,190],"with":[181],"antiserum":[182],"14":[186],"35":[188],"resulted":[191],"antigen.":[205],"This":[206],"indicates":[207],"macrophage-associated":[209],"cytophilic":[210],"antibody":[211],"determines":[212],"system":[217],"allowing":[219],"bind":[222],"larger":[223],"amounts":[224],"antigen,":[226],"when":[227],"present":[230],"at":[231],"concentration.":[233],"This,":[234],"turn,":[236],"results":[237],"more":[239,272],"efficient":[240],"stimulation":[241],"failure":[246],"demonstrate":[248],"\u201caffinity":[249],"maturation\u201d":[250],"may":[255],"be":[256,285],"explained":[257],"variety":[260],"ways":[262],"one":[264],"important":[265],"possibility":[266],"there":[269],"limited":[273],"heterogeneity":[274],"participating":[279],"this":[281],"than":[283],"would":[284],"true":[286],"comparable":[289],"population":[290],"B":[292]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}