{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1589338792","doi":null,"title":"OMBUDSMAN- HISTORICAL VIEWS","display_name":"OMBUDSMAN- HISTORICAL VIEWS","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-03-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1589338792","mag":"1589338792"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1589338792","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/viewFile/2860/2688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764799362","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","issn_l":"1857-7431","issn":["1857-7431","1857-7881"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800573","host_organization_name":"European Scientific Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800573"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Scientific Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/viewFile/2860/2688","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069741753","display_name":"Enika Hajdari","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133074225","display_name":"Vitrina University","ror":"https://ror.org/058p2fn24","country_code":"AL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133074225"]}],"countries":["AL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Enika Hajdari","raw_affiliation_strings":["\u201cVitrina\u201d University, Tirana, Albania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u201cVitrina\u201d University, Tirana, Albania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133074225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069741753"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133074225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21541552,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"7","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13659","display_name":"Ombudsman and Human Rights","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13659","display_name":"Ombudsman and Human Rights","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12986","display_name":"Administrative Law and Governance","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13988","display_name":"Public Administration and Governance","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ombudsman","display_name":"ombudsman","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-the-ombudsman","display_name":"history of the ombudsman","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-administration-accountability","display_name":"public administration accountability","score":0.7139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/defensor-del-pueblo","display_name":"Defensor del Pueblo","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/democracy","display_name":"democracy","score":0.4399999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780510313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178706","display_name":"Institution","level":2,"score":0.7640008926391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.6548522710800171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.6068893671035767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5431694984436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5008013248443604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778495208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349","display_name":"Empire","level":2,"score":0.4768884479999542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777266375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q770480","display_name":"Injustice","level":2,"score":0.46396055817604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3116431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728","display_name":"Public administration","level":1,"score":0.46377032995224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.460010290145874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.41467660665512085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34904831647872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1513535976409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.10663825273513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1589338792","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/viewFile/2860/2688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764799362","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","issn_l":"1857-7431","issn":["1857-7431","1857-7881"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800573","host_organization_name":"European Scientific Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800573"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Scientific Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"mag:1589338792","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/viewFile/2860/2688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764799362","display_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","issn_l":"1857-7431","issn":["1857-7431","1857-7881"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800573","host_organization_name":"European Scientific Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800573"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["European Scientific Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"European Scientific Journal ESJ","raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W567797782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7110602057","https://openalex.org/W2465477922","https://openalex.org/W4362566271","https://openalex.org/W4285073696","https://openalex.org/W7216972262","https://openalex.org/W2620742185","https://openalex.org/W2978217647","https://openalex.org/W4248828378","https://openalex.org/W2207039942","https://openalex.org/W7020538718"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ombudsman":[0,49,109,157,231],"or":[1],"Mediator":[2],"represents":[3],"an":[4,217],"institution":[5,107,189],"that":[6,43,59,95,143],"more":[7,9],"and":[8,27,72,92,119,151,169,203,207,263],"is":[10,37,50,190,232],"being":[11],"introduced":[12],"in":[13,69,82,110,149,234,243,250,255],"different":[14,77,117,162,240],"experiences":[15],"of":[16,31,54,57,66,85,89,100,103,108,135,161,175,182,196,216,226,259],"national":[17],"institutional":[18],"organization.":[19,177],"This":[20],"study":[21],"aims":[22],"to":[23,38,129],"analyze":[24],"the":[25,28,41,55,64,73,86,98,123,125,152,156,173,179,183,194,198,204,220,230,257],"operation":[26],"main":[29,35,170],"features":[30],"this":[32,136,188],"institution,":[33],"whose":[34],"task":[36],"tear":[39],"down":[40],"wall":[42],"separates":[44],"citizens":[45],"from":[46,122],"public":[47,101],"administration.":[48],"a":[51,214],"mechanism,":[52],"one":[53],"aspects":[56],"democracy":[58],"exists":[60],"for":[61],"years.":[62],"Since":[63,178],"period":[65,112],"antiquity,":[67],"as":[68,193,213,246,253,266],"Ancient":[70],"Greece":[71],"Roman":[74],"Empire":[75],"also,":[76],"institutions":[78],"can":[79,141,223],"be":[80,224],"estimated":[81],"current":[83],"forms":[84],"Ombudsman,":[87],"because":[88],"similar":[90],"competencies":[91],"subjective":[93],"interests":[94],"tutelage":[96],"against":[97],"power":[99],"administration":[102],"any":[104],"time.":[105],"The":[106],"antiquity":[111],"has":[113,158],"been":[114],"present":[115,233],"under":[116,239],"models":[118],"nominations,":[120],"ranging":[121],"effors,":[124],"tribuni":[126],"plebis":[127],"up":[128],"defensor":[130],"civitatis.":[131],"Immediately":[132],"after":[133],"completion":[134],"analysis,":[137],"mainly":[138],"comparative,":[139],"we":[140,165],"say":[142],"there":[144],"are":[145],"no":[146],"important":[147],"differences":[148],"space":[150],"time":[153],"at":[154],"which":[155],"become":[159],"part":[160],"countries,":[163,237],"when":[164],"consider":[166],"his":[167,227],"role":[168],"functions,":[171],"also":[172],"modality":[174],"interior":[176],"historical":[180],"figure":[181],"Swedish":[184],"Parliamentary":[185],"Commissioner,":[186],"today,":[187],"generally":[191],"known":[192,245,252,265],"Protector":[195],"Citizens,":[197],"bridge":[199],"between":[200],"civil":[201],"society":[202],"administrative":[205],"apparatus,":[206],"every":[208],"person":[209],"who":[210],"sees":[211],"himself":[212],"victim":[215],"injustice":[218],"by":[219],"Public":[221],"Administration":[222],"subject":[225],"inquiry.":[228],"So,":[229],"almost":[235],"all":[236],"although":[238],"names,":[241],"like":[242],"Spain":[244],"Defensor":[247],"del":[248],"Pueblo,":[249],"Italy":[251],"Garante,":[254],"France,":[256],"land":[258],"strong":[260],"republican":[261],"tradition":[262],"centralized":[264],"Mediateur":[267],"de":[268],"la":[269],"Republique":[270],"etc\u2026":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-28T10:33:24.094632","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}