{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1589237358","doi":null,"title":"Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Further Investigation of a Measurement Instrument","display_name":"Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation: Further Investigation of a Measurement Instrument","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1589237358","mag":"1589237358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1589237358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-321579269/individual-entrepreneurial-orientation-further-investigation","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764651816","display_name":"Academy of Entrepreneurship journal","issn_l":"1087-9595","issn":["1087-9595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315810","host_organization_name":"Allied Academies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315810","https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allied Academies","OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academy of Entrepreneurship journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108698227","display_name":"Dawn Langkamp Bolton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dawn Langkamp Bolton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108698227"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9092,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94472429,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"91","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-entrepreneurial-orientation","display_name":"individual entrepreneurial orientation","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-validation","display_name":"scale validation","score":0.7129999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/innovativeness","display_name":"innovativeness","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-taking","display_name":"risk-taking","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proactiveness","display_name":"proactive behavior","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurs","display_name":"entrepreneurs","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-performance","display_name":"entrepreneurial performance","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-structure","display_name":"factor structure","score":0.5120000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-reliability","display_name":"measurement reliability","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication-study","display_name":"replication study","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investor-decision-making","display_name":"investor decision-making","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-business-startup","display_name":"small business startup","score":0.3440000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-incubators","display_name":"business incubators","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780711244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22908166","display_name":"Entrepreneurial orientation","level":3,"score":0.904427170753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142944206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786137","display_name":"Proactivity","level":2,"score":0.8126406073570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.6534038186073303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106906290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140909","display_name":"Cronbach's alpha","level":3,"score":0.5711399912834167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.5211227536201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.4966652989387512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.49084073305130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.48208075761795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.3943774700164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.36452436447143555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32011228799819946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.31362462043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19063368439674377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11022108793258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.07954147458076477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1589237358","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-321579269/individual-entrepreneurial-orientation-further-investigation","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764651816","display_name":"Academy of Entrepreneurship journal","issn_l":"1087-9595","issn":["1087-9595"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315810","host_organization_name":"Allied Academies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315810","https://openalex.org/P4310320466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Allied Academies","OMICS Publishing Group"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Academy of Entrepreneurship journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003305854","https://openalex.org/W7219965202","https://openalex.org/W4402891649","https://openalex.org/W6652273","https://openalex.org/W2910481740","https://openalex.org/W3119603295","https://openalex.org/W3011951009","https://openalex.org/W3207544894","https://openalex.org/W2168078948","https://openalex.org/W2303366267"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"Bolton":[1,198,333,345,441,506,570],"and":[2,8,38,79,106,138,162,188,199,205,231,250,253,274,283,318,334,346,368,383,394,407,418,442,457,467,498,507,516,522,555,563,571,596],"Lane":[3,200,347,443,508,572],"(2012)":[4,201,348,444,573],"recently":[5,202],"proposed,":[6,203],"developed,":[7,204],"validated":[9,206],"a":[10,18,51,160,207,263,350,359],"measure":[11,164,208],"of":[12,44,53,75,93,118,129,152,165,175,209,344,387,421,461,513,518,548],"individual":[13,170,180,210,228],"entrepreneurial":[14,166,176,211,226,281,298,388,520,533],"orientation":[15,167,177,212,286,389],"(IEO)":[16,213],"using":[17],"student":[19,352],"sample.":[20],"Their":[21],"recommendations":[22],"for":[23,42,111,140,329,399,415,419,423,431,459,489,492,502],"future":[24],"research":[25,240,309,482,542],"included":[26],"testing":[27],"the":[28,64,70,73,87,91,112,116,126,130,141,148,153,169,179,222,289,316,325,331,411,462,471,511,514,526,546,549],"instrument":[29],"with":[30,35,46,90,136,143,280,297,363,448,532,539,552,556],"non-student":[31],"samples.":[32],"In":[33],"keeping":[34,538],"Hubbard,":[36],"Vetter,":[37],"Little's":[39],"(1998)":[40],"call":[41],"publishing":[43],"replications":[45],"extensions":[47],"in":[48,56,86,221,324,480,537,581],"business":[49,192],"research,":[50],"sample":[52,117,353],"340":[54],"entrepreneurs":[55,119,244],"Western":[57],"Kentucky":[58],"was":[59,134],"used":[60,390],"to":[61,185,189,276,295,338,377,405,410,429,436,567],"further":[62,124,155,509],"validate":[63],"IEO.":[65,131],"The":[66,342],"ten":[67],"items":[68,364,414,512],"on":[69,101,224],"IEO":[71,142,154,336],"measuring":[72],"dimensions":[74],"Innovativ":[76,97],"eness,":[77],"Risk-taking,":[78,466],"Proactiveness":[80],"loaded":[81,100],"as":[82,85,529,531,585],"separate":[83],"factors":[84,103,114,455,584],"original":[88,326,371],"study,":[89],"exception":[92],"one":[94],"item":[95],"(for":[96],"eness)":[98],"which":[99,543,593],"two":[102],"(Innovativ":[104],"eness":[105],"Risk-taking).":[107],"Cronbach":[108],"alphas":[109],"computed":[110],"three":[113,473,494,527,582],"from":[115,358,366],"were":[120,397,470,495],"all":[121,493],"above":[122,496],"0.765,":[123],"verifying":[125],"internal":[127,490],"consistency":[128,491],"External":[132],"validity":[133,566],"verified":[135],"correlations":[137,524],"t-tests":[139],"self-reported":[144],"performance":[145,282,299,558],"measures":[146,320,386,417,420,517],"by":[147,391,587],"entrepreneurs.":[149],"This":[150,535],"investigation":[151],"demonstrates":[156],"that":[157,217,233,243,321,340,475,545,575],"it":[158],"is":[159,219,536],"reliable":[161],"valid":[163],"at":[168,178,288,315],"level.":[171],"A":[172],"better":[173],"understanding":[174],"level":[181,291],"could":[182],"be":[183,230,277],"valuable":[184],"potential":[186],"investors":[187],"those":[190],"determining":[191],"resource":[193],"allocations.":[194],"INTRODUCTION":[195],"AND":[196],"BACKGROUND":[197],"after":[214],"pointing":[215],"out":[216],"there":[218],"disparity":[220],"literature":[223],"how":[225,232],"an":[227],"may":[229],"has":[234,241,292,311],"been":[235,293,312,477],"assessed.":[236],"For":[237],"example,":[238],"while":[239],"shown":[242,294],"are":[245,322],"more":[246],"open,":[247],"conscientious,":[248],"extraverted,":[249],"less":[251,254],"neurotic":[252],"agreeable":[255],"than":[256],"regular":[257],"managers":[258],"(Zhao":[259],"&":[260,268,303],"Siebert,":[261],"2006),":[262],"recent":[264],"meta-analysis":[265],"(Zhao,":[266],"Seibert,":[267],"Lumpkin,":[269,392],"2010)":[270],"shows":[271,544],"only":[272],"openness":[273],"conscientiousness":[275],"highly":[278],"correlated":[279],"intentions.":[284],"Entrepreneurial":[285,591],"(EO)":[287],"organization":[290],"correlate":[296,551],"(Rauch,":[300,483],"Frese,":[301],"Koenig,":[302],"Wang,":[304],"2009).":[305,486],"And":[306],"yet,":[307],"no":[308],"effort":[310],"directed":[313],"specifically":[314],"trait":[317],"attitude":[319],"inherent":[323],"EO":[327,373,481,541,550],"scale":[328,413,503,577],"assessing":[330],"individual.":[332],"Lane's":[335],"attempts":[337],"fill":[339],"void.":[341],"work":[343,430],"surveyed":[349],"large":[351],"(n":[354],"=":[355],"1":[356],"102)":[357],"regional":[360],"mid-south":[361],"university":[362],"generated":[365],"Lumpkin":[367],"Dess's":[369],"(1996)":[370],"five":[372],"variables":[374,474],"(innovativeness,":[375],"willingness":[376],"take":[378],"risks,":[379],"proactiveness,":[380],"competitive":[381],"aggressiveness,":[382],"autonomy).":[384],"Validated":[385],"Cogliser,":[393],"Schneider":[395],"(2009)":[396],"adapted":[398],"individuals":[400],"(e.g.,":[401],"my":[438],"firm":[557],"changed":[404],"I)":[406],"students":[408],"responded":[409],"Likert":[412],"these":[416],"propensity":[422],"entrepreneurship":[424],"(i.e.,":[425],"I":[426,433],"would":[427,434],"like":[428,435],"myself;":[432],"start":[437],"own":[439],"venture).":[440],"analyzed":[445,510],"their":[446,568,576,588],"data":[447],"principal":[449],"component":[450],"factor":[451],"analysis.":[452],"Three":[453],"distinct":[454,583],"resulted":[456,580],"accounted":[458],"60%":[460],"total":[463],"variance:":[464],"Innovativeness,":[465],"Proactiveness.":[468],"These":[469],"same":[472],"have":[476],"examined":[478],"predominantly":[479],"et":[484,560],"al.,":[485,561],"Cronbach's":[487],"alpha":[488],"Nunnally":[497],"Bernstein's":[499],"(1994)":[500],"standard":[501],"development":[504,578],"studies.":[505],"subscales":[515,528,547],"students'":[519],"intentions":[521],"found":[523],"among":[525],"well":[530],"propensity.":[534],"past":[540],"each":[553],"other":[554],"(Rauch":[559],"2009)":[562],"provides":[564],"construct":[565],"study.":[569],"conclude":[574],"process":[579],"measured":[586],"ten-item":[589],"Individual":[590],"Orientation":[592],"demonstrated":[594],"reliability":[595],"validity.":[597],"\u2026":[598]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}