{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1588445337","doi":null,"title":"Governmental Data Mining and its Alternatives","display_name":"Governmental Data Mining and its Alternatives","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-12-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1588445337","mag":"1588445337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu:dlra-3928","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/dlra/vol116/iss2/2","pdf_url":"https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3928&context=dlra","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dickinson Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3928&context=dlra","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071035334","display_name":"Tal Zarsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91203450","display_name":"University of Haifa","ror":"https://ror.org/02f009v59","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tal Zarsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Haifa- Faculty of Law"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Haifa- Faculty of Law","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071035334"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91203450"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.9652,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98904974,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.42969998717308044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.42969998717308044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10883","display_name":"Ethics and Social Impacts of AI","score":0.13819999992847443,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14493","display_name":"Criminal Law and Evidence","score":0.10679999738931656,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-information","display_name":"personal data","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/privacy","display_name":"privacy","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"law enforcement","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-security","display_name":"national security","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-and-seizure","display_name":"search and seizure","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourth-amendment","display_name":"Fourth Amendment","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-process","display_name":"political process","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-shifting","display_name":"risk shifting","score":0.3970000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.6151081323623657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5453039407730103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.5126509070396423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4937804639339447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.4929616451263428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.492301344871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779777834","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4202277","display_name":"Enforcement","level":2,"score":0.4860225319862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4541080594062805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.38943177461624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3330387473106384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.331499844789505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.21449178457260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.20135211944580078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12712550163269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.12585929036140442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu:dlra-3928","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/dlra/vol116/iss2/2","pdf_url":"https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3928&context=dlra","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dickinson Law Review","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:insight.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu:dlra-3928","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://insight.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/dlra/vol116/iss2/2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401049","display_name":"eYLS (Yale Law School)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","host_organization_name":"Yale University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dickinson Law Review (1908-2003)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:insight.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu:pslr-1637","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://insight.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/pslr/vol116/iss2/1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Penn State Law Review (2003 - Present)","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1588445337","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://mineracaodedados.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/ssrn-id1983326.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu:dlra-3928","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/dlra/vol116/iss2/2","pdf_url":"https://ideas.dickinsonlaw.psu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3928&context=dlra","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064349","display_name":"bepress Legal Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dickinson Law Review","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321800","display_name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","ror":"https://ror.org/04jsz6e67"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1588445337.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1588445337.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W203942918","https://openalex.org/W2498984518","https://openalex.org/W13539097","https://openalex.org/W1480179501","https://openalex.org/W1597379697","https://openalex.org/W166291115","https://openalex.org/W7100298592","https://openalex.org/W112838561","https://openalex.org/W2892306653","https://openalex.org/W2908505446"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Governments":[0],"face":[1],"new":[2],"and":[3,22,60,91,103,146,160,165,197,206,238,274,345,369],"serious":[4],"risks":[5],"when":[6,290],"striving":[7,216],"to":[8,72,83,137,141,190,217,230,298,305,347],"protect":[9],"their":[10,61,236],"citizens.":[11],"Of":[12],"the":[13,20,29,37,44,53,73,142,152,161,176,192,224,227,241,269,284,313,317,324,328,336,355,357],"various":[14,177],"information":[15,33,78],"technology":[16],"tools":[17],"discussed":[18],"in":[19,85,97,202,258,288],"political":[21,285],"legal":[23,265],"sphere,":[24],"data":[25,74,204,213,272,331,339,367],"mining":[26,41,64,75,205,214,273,302,332,340,368],"applications":[27],"for":[28],"analysis":[30,247,296],"of":[31,76,88,121,124,131,144,163,195,235,271,330,354,359,366],"personal":[32,77],"have":[34],"probably":[35],"generated":[36],"greatest":[38],"interest.":[39],"Data":[40,63],"has":[42],"captured":[43],"imagination":[45],"as":[46,277],"a":[47,86,172,232,264],"tool":[48],"which":[49,210],"can":[50,254,362],"potentially":[51],"close":[52],"intelligence":[54],"gap":[55],"constantly":[56],"deepening":[57],"between":[58,226],"governments":[59],"targets.":[62],"initiatives":[65],"are":[66],"popping":[67],"up":[68],"everywhere.":[69],"The":[70,94,221],"reaction":[71],"by":[79,150,180,312,320],"governmental":[80,193],"entities":[81],"came":[82],"life":[84],"flurry":[87],"reports,":[89],"discussions,":[90],"academic":[92],"papers.":[93],"general":[95],"notion":[96],"these":[98,125,181,292],"sources":[99],"is":[100,111,135,351],"that":[101,248,338],"offear":[102],"even":[104],"awe.":[105],"As":[106],"this":[107,139],"discourse":[108],"unfolds,":[109],"something":[110],"still":[112],"missing.":[113],"An":[114],"important":[115],"methodological":[116],"step":[117,140],"must":[118],"be":[119,255,310],"part":[120],"every":[122],"one":[123,353],"inquires":[126],"mentioned":[127],"above-the":[128],"adequate":[129],"consideration":[130],"alternatives.":[132],"This":[133,294,350],"article":[134,148,222,242],"devoted":[136],"bringing":[138],"attention":[143],"academics":[145],"policymakers.\\nThe":[147],"begins":[149],"explaining":[151],"term":[153],"\"data":[154],"mining,":[155],"\"":[156,280],"its":[157,370],"unique":[158],"traits,":[159],"roles":[162],"humans":[164],"machines.":[166],"It":[167],"then":[168],"maps":[169],"out,":[170],"with":[171],"very":[173],"broad":[174],"brush,":[175],"concerns":[178],"raised":[179],"practices.":[182],"Thereafter,":[183],"it":[184,262,282],"introduces":[185],"four":[186],"central":[187,228],"alternative":[188,250],"strategies":[189],"achieve":[191],"objectives":[194],"security":[196],"law":[198],"enforcement":[199],"without":[200],"engaging":[201],"extensive":[203],"an":[207,246,299],"additional":[208],"strategy":[209],"applies":[211],"some":[212],"while":[215,267],"minimize":[218],"several":[219],"concerns.":[220],"sharpens":[223],"distinctions":[225],"alternatives":[229,276,361],"promote":[231],"full":[233],"understanding":[234,365],"advantages":[237],"shortcomings.":[239],"Finally,":[240],"briefly":[243],"demonstrates":[244],"how":[245],"takes":[249],"measures":[251],"into":[252],"account":[253],"carried":[256],"out":[257],"two":[259],"contexts.":[260],"First,":[261],"addresses":[263],"perspective,":[266],"considering":[268],"detriments":[270],"other":[275,306],"overreaching":[278],"\"searches.":[279],"Second,":[281],"tests":[283],"process":[286],"set":[287],"motion":[289],"contemplating":[291],"measures.":[293],"final":[295],"leads":[297],"interesting":[300],"conclusion-data":[301],"(as":[303],"opposed":[304],"options)":[307],"might":[308,333],"indeed":[309],"disfavored":[311],"public,":[314],"but":[315],"mandates":[316],"least":[318],"scrutiny":[319],"courts.":[321],"In":[322],"addition,":[323],"majority's":[325],"aversion":[326],"from":[327,335,342],"use":[329],"result":[334],"fact":[337],"refrains":[341],"shifting":[343],"risk":[344],"costs":[346],"weaker":[348],"groups.":[349],"yet":[352],"ways":[356],"methodology":[358],"examining":[360],"illuminate":[363],"our":[364],"effects.":[371]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
