{"id":"https://openalex.org/W158745854","doi":null,"title":"Race, Identity, Stereotyping and Voluntary Oppression","display_name":"Race, Identity, Stereotyping and Voluntary Oppression","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W158745854","mag":"158745854"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:158745854","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2061210381/race-identity-stereotyping-and-voluntary-oppression","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068560689","display_name":"Roksana Alavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-0527","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8702-0527"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Roksana Alavi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068560689"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5519,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86803744,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"13","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.5356000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.5356000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13788","display_name":"Cultural Identity and Representation","score":0.3075999915599823,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13982","display_name":"Social Movements and Cultural Identity","score":0.028599999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-identity","display_name":"racial identity","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stereotyping","display_name":"stereotyping","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-oppression","display_name":"racial oppression","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/migrant-identity","display_name":"immigrant identity","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-identity","display_name":"self-identity","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/september-11-attacks","display_name":"September 11 attacks","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iranian-americans","display_name":"Iranian Americans","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-americans","display_name":"Chinese Americans","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colorblind-racism","display_name":"colorblind racism","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-construction-of-race","display_name":"social construction of race","score":0.39100000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776526686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252000","display_name":"Oppression","level":3,"score":0.9176337718963623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.6501191854476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.560326874256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4971151649951935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.494608610868454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.42563506960868835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42364269495010376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.34815195202827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.19184079766273499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1637425720691681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.13066741824150085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:158745854","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-2061210381/race-identity-stereotyping-and-voluntary-oppression","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1566304998","https://openalex.org/W1988381989","https://openalex.org/W2070679881","https://openalex.org/W2116602529","https://openalex.org/W2147998494","https://openalex.org/W2148125770","https://openalex.org/W2161923363","https://openalex.org/W2328405000","https://openalex.org/W2330132534","https://openalex.org/W2485427612","https://openalex.org/W2998936433","https://openalex.org/W4247473998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2491955909","https://openalex.org/W7140047021","https://openalex.org/W2791309664","https://openalex.org/W7100381204","https://openalex.org/W2270174443","https://openalex.org/W3193632403","https://openalex.org/W246284888","https://openalex.org/W1579087037","https://openalex.org/W2563739508","https://openalex.org/W7217650136"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Many":[1],"immigrants":[2,162],"and":[3,19,58,90,117,146,263,284,290,340,368,463,533,602,634,685],"their":[4],"children":[5],"ask":[6,551],"themselves":[7],"the":[8,39,42,60,94,152,164,179,187,190,208,273,303,329,348,364,381,403,414,417,497,499,503,507,511,521,543,581,584,587,604,640],"question":[9,127,134,141,544],"of":[10,34,44,100,109,128,151,176,205,250,269,272,305,416,570,586,642,644],"identity.":[11],"Often":[12],"we":[13,24,29,62,65,72,81,279,313,606,609,616,625],"allow":[14],"others":[15,336,393,535],"to":[16,88,98,114,163,229,299,310,337,386,396,401,449,487,517,526,531,534,574,632,639,650,666,689],"identify":[17,338],"us":[18,89,92,177,251,298,339,633,636],"colonize":[20,341],"our":[21,27,45,56,275,315,342,600],"consciousness.":[22,343],"Once":[23],"are":[25,30,77,86,173,252,280,466,590,621,630],"given":[26],"identities,":[28],"then":[31,37],"stereotyped":[32],"because":[33,392],"them.":[35],"We":[36,245,257],"reap":[38,580],"benefit,":[40],"or":[41,70,231,255,471,539,549,560,583,614],"disadvantages":[43,95,585],"stereotypes.":[46,84,628],"In":[47,102,675],"turn":[48],"social":[49,594],"stereotypes":[50,595],"that":[51,140,154,237,265,411,425,427,437,444,456,472,502,509,545,565,596],"surround":[52,597],"us,":[53,598],"further":[54],"shape":[55,599],"self-identity":[57,684],"consequently,":[59,603],"decisions":[61,605],"make.":[63,607],"If":[64,608],"have":[66,225,345,430,458,610],"no":[67,78,167,226,568,611,622],"other":[68,79,612,623],"outlet":[69,613],"if":[71,615],"feel":[73,617],"as":[74,170,405,460,536,618],"though":[75,406,619],"there":[76,213,620],"options,":[80,624],"live":[82,285,626],"those":[83,627],"Some":[85,175,234,629],"harmful":[87,631],"leave":[91,635],"in":[93,144,178,207,286,302,308,347,443,520],"places":[96],"even":[97,480,638],"oppression":[99,643,657],"ourselves.":[101,645],"this":[103,649,676],"paper,":[104,677],"I":[105,344,369,389,407,419,428,438,495,515,524,529,662,678],"discuss":[106,679],"some":[107,119],"harms":[108],"stereotyping,":[110,680],"how":[111,312,686],"it":[112,294,327,667,670,687],"leads":[113,688],"voluntary":[673],"oppression,":[116],"make":[118],"suggestion":[120],"for":[121,135,297,351,384,413,424,668],"ending":[122],"racial":[123],"oppression.":[124,691],"Introduction":[125],"The":[126,593],"identity":[129,601],"has":[130,555,567],"been":[131],"a":[132,149,287,409,461,481,537,556,563,576],"central":[133],"every":[136],"immigrant":[137],"generation.":[138],"Sometimes":[139],"fades":[142],"away":[143,184],"time":[145],"people":[147,262,283],"become":[148],"member":[150],"society":[153,307],"they":[155,223,434,453,457,465,491,589],"reside":[156],"in.":[157,513],"For":[158],"instance,":[159],"original":[160],"British":[161],"United":[165,180,209,349],"States":[166,181,210,350],"longer":[168],"self-identify":[169],"British.":[171],"They":[172,398],"Americans.":[174],"can":[182,475],"get":[183],"by":[185,375],"being":[186,206],"non-raced":[188],"individual:":[189],"generic":[191],"person,":[192],"using":[193],"Michael":[194],"Kimmel's":[195],"terms":[196],"(Kimmel,":[197],"2000).":[198],"Others,":[199],"not":[200,281,321,423,440,467],"so.":[201,388],"Chinese":[202,232],"immigrants,":[203,547],"regardless":[204],"virtually":[211],"since":[212],"was":[214,379,439,479,530],"such":[215,306,431],"nation,":[216],"will":[217,235],"never":[218],"just":[219],"be":[220,247,450,476,488,575,651],"American":[221],"although":[222],"might":[224,647],"connections":[227],"left":[228],"China":[230],"culture.":[233],"argue":[236],"my":[238,318,376],"categorization":[239],"is":[240,266,295,320,326,542,658],"somehow":[241],"flawed;":[242],"racist":[243,468],"perhaps.":[244],"should":[246],"color-blind.":[248],"Most":[249],"not,":[253],"physically":[254],"rhetorically.":[256],"see":[258],"physical":[259],"differences":[260],"between":[261],"generally":[264],"an":[267,652,659],"indication":[268],"what":[270,669],"part":[271,569,577],"world":[274],"ancestors":[276],"evolved.":[277],"Since":[278],"isolated":[282],"very":[288],"culturally":[289],"racially":[291],"diverse":[292],"society,":[293],"important":[296],"understand":[300],"ourselves":[301],"context":[304],"order":[309],"decide":[311,527],"conduct":[314],"lives.":[316],"However,":[317],"paper":[319],"merely":[322,664],"about":[323,328,334],"identity,":[324],"nor":[325,572],"Chinese.":[330],"It":[331,378],"is,":[332,672],"however,":[333],"allowing":[335],"lived":[346],"over":[352],"20":[353],"years.":[354],"About":[355],"13":[356],"years":[357],"into":[358],"it,":[359],"September":[360],"11th":[361],"attacks":[362],"on":[363,683],"Twin":[365],"Towers":[366],"happened":[367],"found":[370],"myself":[371,519,532],"becoming":[372],"Iranian.":[373],"Not":[374],"choice.":[377],"perhaps":[380],"worst":[382],"time,":[383],"me,":[385],"do":[387],"became":[390],"Iranian":[391,451,489],"wanted":[394,399,447,485],"me":[395,400,448,459,486],"be.":[397],"explain":[402],"terrorists,":[404],"had":[408,516,525],"gene":[410],"codes":[412],"understanding":[415],"terrorists.":[418],"am":[420,663],"afraid":[421],"(or":[422],"matter)":[426],"don't":[429],"gene.":[432],"So":[433],"quickly":[435],"realized":[436],"really":[441,671],"useful":[442],"manner.":[445],"Others":[446],"so":[452,464,490],"could":[454,492],"say":[455],"friend":[462],"against":[469],"middle-easterners":[470],"Iranians":[473],"too":[474],"healed.":[477],"There":[478],"small":[482],"group":[483],"who":[484,528],"hate":[493],"me.":[494],"symbolized":[496,506],"terrorist":[498],"same":[500],"way":[501],"prison":[504],"guards":[505],"law":[508],"kept":[510],"prisoners":[512],"So,":[514],"reinvent":[518],"new":[522],"context.":[523],"tool":[538],"otherwise.":[540],"This":[541],"many":[546],"consciously":[548],"unconsciously":[550],"themselves.":[552],"Each":[553],"person":[554],"history":[557,564],"behind":[558],"him":[559],"her":[561],"-":[562],"one":[566],"making":[571],"asks":[573],"of.":[578],"People":[579],"benefit":[582],"life":[588],"born":[591],"into.":[592],"disadvantaged":[637],"point":[641],"One":[646],"believe":[648],"unlikely":[653],"phenomena":[654],"but":[655],"psychological":[656],"uncontested":[660],"concept.":[661],"referring":[665],"self-oppression.":[674],"its":[681],"effect":[682],"\u2026":[692]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
