{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1586921771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.q-bio/0612050","title":"Neural coding of a natural stimulus ensemble: Uncovering information at sub-millisecond resolution","display_name":"Neural coding of a natural stimulus ensemble: Uncovering information at sub-millisecond resolution","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1586921771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.q-bio/0612050","mag":"1586921771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:q-bio/0612050","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0612050","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/q-bio/0612050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/q-bio/0612050","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071388278","display_name":"Ilya M. Nemenman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-4244","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3024-4244"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nemenman, Ilya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110277044","display_name":"Geoffrey D. Lewen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lewen, Geoffrey D.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010379923","display_name":"William Bialek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7823-3862","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7823-3862"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bialek, William","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021949300","display_name":"Rob R. de Ruyter van Steveninck","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4165-3528","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4165-3528"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"van Steveninck, Rob R. de Ruyter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.48240000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.48240000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.4196999967098236,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10423","display_name":"Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research","score":0.05079999938607216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-coding","display_name":"neural coding","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-timing","display_name":"spike timing","score":0.9139999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-trains","display_name":"spike trains","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-transfer","display_name":"information transmission","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-sensitive-neurons","display_name":"motion-sensitive neurons","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fly-visual-system","display_name":"fly visual system","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/naturalistic-visual-stimuli","display_name":"naturalistic visual stimuli","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-trajectory","display_name":"movement trajectories","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-flux","display_name":"photon flux","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photoreceptors","display_name":"photoreceptors","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy-elimination","display_name":"redundancy elimination","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77637269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7002051","display_name":"Neural coding","level":2,"score":0.6689725518226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60327585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723733","display_name":"Millisecond","level":2,"score":0.6637325882911682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6200796365737915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5966654419898987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94487597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11101","display_name":"Sensory system","level":2,"score":0.5448205471038818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.470990389585495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.4226019084453583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3862130641937256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3398629426956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2842091917991638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20591473579406738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16394206881523132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.11753365397453308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:q-bio/0612050","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0612050","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/q-bio/0612050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.q-bio/0612050","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.q-bio/0612050","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.q-bio/0612050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:q-bio/0612050","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0612050","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/q-bio/0612050","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494334782","https://openalex.org/W1544162067","https://openalex.org/W1565684471","https://openalex.org/W1580864686","https://openalex.org/W1594210692","https://openalex.org/W1642384772","https://openalex.org/W1784695092","https://openalex.org/W1920952237","https://openalex.org/W1967179842","https://openalex.org/W1971361984","https://openalex.org/W1984931175","https://openalex.org/W1998596805","https://openalex.org/W2007344132","https://openalex.org/W2008551287","https://openalex.org/W2036677060","https://openalex.org/W2047810995","https://openalex.org/W2072091291","https://openalex.org/W2079656678","https://openalex.org/W2089316513","https://openalex.org/W2091174269","https://openalex.org/W2097173970","https://openalex.org/W2097636360","https://openalex.org/W2109084388","https://openalex.org/W2109584604","https://openalex.org/W2113335883","https://openalex.org/W2114771311","https://openalex.org/W2117509237","https://openalex.org/W2118521279","https://openalex.org/W2132250852","https://openalex.org/W2145037783","https://openalex.org/W2146502717","https://openalex.org/W2151387592","https://openalex.org/W2168282601","https://openalex.org/W2736230390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3022219149","https://openalex.org/W2113335883","https://openalex.org/W1975003449","https://openalex.org/W116404084","https://openalex.org/W2200140617","https://openalex.org/W4382541474","https://openalex.org/W4394657210","https://openalex.org/W4394641481","https://openalex.org/W2939366251","https://openalex.org/W6983308584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Our":[0],"knowledge":[1],"of":[2,12,33,41,52,98,105,116,123,141,145,156,162],"the":[3,26,30,39,42,49,53,95,103,124,134,153,172,200],"sensory":[4,135],"world":[5],"is":[6,22,36,108],"encoded":[7],"by":[8,121],"neurons":[9,51],"in":[10,79,199],"sequences":[11],"discrete,":[13],"identical":[14],"pulses":[15],"termed":[16],"action":[17],"potentials":[18],"or":[19],"spikes.":[20],"There":[21],"persistent":[23],"controversy":[24],"about":[25,94],"extent":[27],"to":[28,38,66,74,89,159,175,202],"which":[29,76],"precise":[31],"timing":[32,147,155],"these":[34,163,169],"spikes":[35,157],"relevant":[37],"function":[40],"brain.":[43],"We":[44,111],"revisit":[45],"this":[46],"issue,":[47],"using":[48],"motion-sensitive":[50],"fly":[54],"visual":[55,71,117],"system":[56,173],"as":[57],"a":[58,138,204],"test":[59],"case.":[60],"New":[61],"experimental":[62],"methods":[63,86],"allow":[64,87],"us":[65,88],"deliver":[67],"more":[68,91,177,189,205],"nearly":[69],"natural":[70],"stimuli,":[72],"comparable":[73],"those":[75],"flies":[77],"encounter":[78],"free,":[80],"acrobatic":[81],"flight,":[82],"and":[83,129,152,196],"new":[84],"mathematical":[85],"draw":[90],"reliable":[92],"conclusions":[93],"information":[96,118,178],"content":[97],"neural":[99,207],"responses":[100,107],"even":[101,132,183],"when":[102],"set":[104],"possible":[106],"very":[109],"large.":[110],"find":[112],"that":[113],"significant":[114],"amounts":[115],"are":[119,187],"represented":[120],"details":[122],"spike":[125,146],"train":[126],"at":[127,179],"millisecond":[128],"sub-millisecond":[130],"precision,":[131],"though":[133,184],"input":[136],"has":[137],"correlation":[139],"time":[140],"~60ms;":[142],"different":[143],"patterns":[144],"represent":[148],"distinct":[149],"motion":[150],"trajectories,":[151],"absolute":[154],"points":[158],"particular":[160],"features":[161],"trajectories":[164],"with":[165],"high":[166],"precision.":[167],"Under":[168],"naturalistic":[170],"conditions,":[171],"continues":[174],"transmit":[176],"higher":[180],"photon":[181],"flux,":[182],"individual":[185],"photoreceptors":[186],"counting":[188],"than":[190],"one":[191],"million":[192],"photons":[193],"per":[194],"second,":[195],"removes":[197],"redundancy":[198],"stimulus":[201],"generate":[203],"efficient":[206],"code.":[208]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
