{"id":"https://openalex.org/W158658043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2454-9_2","title":"Mechanisms Versus Causes in Biology and Medicine","display_name":"Mechanisms Versus Causes in Biology and Medicine","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W158658043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2454-9_2","mag":"158658043"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2454-9_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2454-9_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2454-9_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230450","display_name":"History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences","issn_l":"2211-1948","issn":["2211-1948","2211-1956"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W94037015","display_name":"Mechanism and Causality in Biology and Economics"},"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079567904","display_name":"Lindley Darden","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-7850","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5087-7850"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","display_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","ror":"https://ror.org/047s2c258","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lindley Darden","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Philosophy, University of Maryland, 1125A Skinner Building, College Park, 20742, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Philosophy, University of Maryland, 1125A Skinner Building, College Park, 20742, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079567904"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.7832,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99042512,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10778","display_name":"Philosophy and History of Science","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10072","display_name":"Science Education and Pedagogy","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biological-mechanisms","display_name":"biological mechanisms","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causal-explanation","display_name":"causal explanation","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cystic-fibrosis","display_name":"cystic fibrosis","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cftr-gene","display_name":"CFTR gene","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/etiology","display_name":"etiology","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy-of-medicine","display_name":"philosophy of medicine","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7920678853988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52146309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431116","display_name":"Schema (genetic algorithms)","level":2,"score":0.699200451374054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.6225032210350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50335755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483247","display_name":"Phenomenon","level":2,"score":0.5570117235183716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.4322752058506012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4206623435020447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.41754376888275146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.41369202733039856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3625781238079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.36044132709503174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.35192355513572693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.31619441509246826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.29594042897224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26359331607818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21575406193733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.14244109392166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.11097380518913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1106451153755188}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/978-94-007-2454-9_2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2454-9_2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2454-9_2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210230450","display_name":"History, philosophy and theory of the life sciences","issn_l":"2211-1948","issn":["2211-1948","2211-1956"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320108","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320108","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature (Netherlands)","Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"History, Philosophy and Theory of the Life Sciences","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W35890706","https://openalex.org/W364547343","https://openalex.org/W608178546","https://openalex.org/W614676870","https://openalex.org/W644874088","https://openalex.org/W1491604287","https://openalex.org/W1493614581","https://openalex.org/W1501035797","https://openalex.org/W1536585362","https://openalex.org/W1555638048","https://openalex.org/W1578786358","https://openalex.org/W1580911780","https://openalex.org/W1594639112","https://openalex.org/W1630069591","https://openalex.org/W1834683124","https://openalex.org/W1969697265","https://openalex.org/W1990637933","https://openalex.org/W1994757764","https://openalex.org/W1995854528","https://openalex.org/W2001861723","https://openalex.org/W2002651108","https://openalex.org/W2008036455","https://openalex.org/W2011926036","https://openalex.org/W2019064142","https://openalex.org/W2031164016","https://openalex.org/W2036653400","https://openalex.org/W2036708869","https://openalex.org/W2039599894","https://openalex.org/W2049696674","https://openalex.org/W2051308079","https://openalex.org/W2077537644","https://openalex.org/W2084552463","https://openalex.org/W2093477535","https://openalex.org/W2093918078","https://openalex.org/W2117433334","https://openalex.org/W2123491583","https://openalex.org/W2125391335","https://openalex.org/W2138138331","https://openalex.org/W2138529405","https://openalex.org/W2139215784","https://openalex.org/W2147490170","https://openalex.org/W2149906170","https://openalex.org/W2159997339","https://openalex.org/W2160336621","https://openalex.org/W2168862855","https://openalex.org/W2171582839","https://openalex.org/W2173634416","https://openalex.org/W2190214330","https://openalex.org/W2336210752","https://openalex.org/W2491517473","https://openalex.org/W2496709115","https://openalex.org/W2984143416","https://openalex.org/W3135406297","https://openalex.org/W4206481413","https://openalex.org/W4241884576","https://openalex.org/W4387427841","https://openalex.org/W4388252731","https://openalex.org/W6647641085"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2791944992","https://openalex.org/W2039085603","https://openalex.org/W1530446519","https://openalex.org/W3046127976","https://openalex.org/W121996126","https://openalex.org/W7099561151","https://openalex.org/W4311620434","https://openalex.org/W3192723431","https://openalex.org/W2950985874","https://openalex.org/W837309651"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}