{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1585653286","doi":null,"title":"Apolipoprotein E: risk factor for Alzheimer disease.","display_name":"Apolipoprotein E: risk factor for Alzheimer disease.","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1585653286","mag":"1585653286","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8128961","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1918094"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1918094","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1918094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Hum Genet","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1918094","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M S Tsai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1330342723","display_name":"Mayo Clinic","ror":"https://ror.org/02qp3tb03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M S Tsai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1330342723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057698408","display_name":"Eric G. Tangalos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E G Tangalos","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110342810","display_name":"Ronald Carl Petersen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-6601","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8178-6601"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R C Petersen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076444858","display_name":"Glenn E. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-9484","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1506-9484"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G E Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011038911","display_name":"Daniel J. Schaid","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1457-6433","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1457-6433"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D J Schaid","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113548517","display_name":"Emre Kokmen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Kokmen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110256707","display_name":"Robert J. Ivnik","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R J Ivnik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090473173","display_name":"Stephen N. Thibodeau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-8558","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0078-8558"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S N Thibodeau","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2662,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":265,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98992593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"4","first_page":"643","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10009","display_name":"Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research","score":0.0333000011742115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10261","display_name":"Genetic Associations and Epidemiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apolipoprotein-e","display_name":"apolipoprotein E","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoe-epsilon4","display_name":"APOE \u03b54","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/late-onset-alzheimer-s-disease","display_name":"late-onset Alzheimer's disease","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-risk-factors","display_name":"genetic risk factors","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoe-genotype","display_name":"APOE genotype","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-of-onset","display_name":"age of onset","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-association","display_name":"genetic association","score":0.3700000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57089818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424728","display_name":"Apolipoprotein E","level":3,"score":0.8771662712097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.7398117780685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.7366656064987183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.678352952003479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5490605235099792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37463918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387981","display_name":"Allele frequency","level":4,"score":0.5247611999511719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4610099196434021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.4549543261528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.44705572724342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.4457705616950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.43961435556411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.4264177083969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175239580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q656595","display_name":"Genotype frequency","level":5,"score":0.42349040508270264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.38273245096206665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.33030495047569275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.25655651092529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.10099813342094421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000483","descriptor_name":"Alleles","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000544","descriptor_name":"Alzheimer Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001057","descriptor_name":"Apolipoproteins E","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006579","descriptor_name":"Heterozygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006720","descriptor_name":"Homozygote","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016015","descriptor_name":"Logistic Models","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016017","descriptor_name":"Odds Ratio","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016022","descriptor_name":"Case-Control Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017422","descriptor_name":"Sequence Analysis, DNA","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017668","descriptor_name":"Age of Onset","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020022","descriptor_name":"Genetic Predisposition to Disease","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053327","descriptor_name":"Apolipoprotein E4","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1918094","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1918094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Hum Genet","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8128961","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8128961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of human genetics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1585653286","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8128961","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1918094","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1918094","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Hum Genet","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1732743270","display_name":"ALZHEIMERS DISEASE CENTER","funder_award_id":"P30AG008031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G388381678","display_name":"Alzheimers Disease Patient Registry","funder_award_id":"U01AG006786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Aging"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337337","display_name":"National Institute on Aging","ror":"https://ror.org/049v75w11"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W176258196","https://openalex.org/W1919970019","https://openalex.org/W1965496447","https://openalex.org/W1982120496","https://openalex.org/W1984996311","https://openalex.org/W1985253611","https://openalex.org/W1989294823","https://openalex.org/W1999631936","https://openalex.org/W2008180577","https://openalex.org/W2021181758","https://openalex.org/W2032665239","https://openalex.org/W2034968148","https://openalex.org/W2036362108","https://openalex.org/W2058116753","https://openalex.org/W2066644955","https://openalex.org/W2072682191","https://openalex.org/W2082379403","https://openalex.org/W2089321933","https://openalex.org/W2091485657","https://openalex.org/W2097608504","https://openalex.org/W2111774300","https://openalex.org/W2134918295","https://openalex.org/W2139304769","https://openalex.org/W2147413218","https://openalex.org/W2156220037","https://openalex.org/W2171405125","https://openalex.org/W2327752912","https://openalex.org/W4233622592"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972488785","https://openalex.org/W1982120496","https://openalex.org/W6940436452","https://openalex.org/W2415270303","https://openalex.org/W2747165197","https://openalex.org/W2108048131","https://openalex.org/W1892157526","https://openalex.org/W60769318","https://openalex.org/W96299821","https://openalex.org/W2092667917"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80,140],"apolipoprotein":[1],"E":[2],"gene":[3],"(APOE)":[4],"has":[5],"three":[6],"common":[7,101,114],"alleles":[8,203],"(epsilon":[9],"2,":[10,210],"epsilon":[11,14,125,151],"3,":[12],"and":[13,43,106,237],"4)":[15],"that":[16,56,69,228,238],"determine":[17],"six":[18],"genotypes":[19],"in":[20,102,115,129,136,222,252],"the":[21,50,57,71,86,93,99,103,107,112,116,120,137,162,180,186,198,229,253],"general":[22,254],"population.":[23,255],"In":[24,119],"this":[25,60,239],"study,":[26],"we":[27],"examined":[28],"77":[29],"patients":[30,64,188],"with":[31,37,49,92,147,169,224,235],"late-onset":[32],"Alzheimer":[33],"disease":[34],"(AD),":[35],"along":[36],"an":[38,47,244],"equal":[39],"number":[40,199],"of":[41,59,200],"age-":[42],"sex-matched":[44],"controls,":[45],"for":[46,124,143,165,171,213,248],"association":[48],"APOE-epsilon":[51,94,108,172,201,230],"4":[52,126,152,202,231],"allele.":[53],"We":[54],"show":[55],"frequency":[58],"allele":[61,232],"among":[62,70,185],"AD":[63,104,121,187,236,251],"was":[65,127,134,154,174],"significantly":[66],"higher":[67],"than":[68],"control":[72,117,138],"population":[73],"(.351":[74],"vs.":[75],".130,":[76],"P":[77,215],"=":[78,90,216],".000006).":[79],"genotype":[81,97],"frequencies":[82],"also":[83],"differed":[84],"between":[85],"two":[87,150],"groups":[88],"(P":[89],".0002),":[91],"4/epsilon":[95],"3":[96,110],"being":[98,111],"most":[100,113],"group":[105],"3/epsilon":[109],"group.":[118,139],"group,":[122],"homozygosity":[123],"found":[128,135],"nine":[130],"individuals,":[131],"whereas":[132],"none":[133],"odds":[141,163],"ratio":[142,164],"AD,":[144,166],"when":[145,167],"associated":[146,168,234],"one":[148],"or":[149],"alleles,":[153],"4.6":[155],"(95%":[156,176],"confidence":[157],"interval":[158],"[CI]":[159],"1.9-12.3),":[160],"while":[161],"heterozygosity":[170],"4,":[173],"3.6":[175],"CI":[177],"1.5-9.8).":[178],"Finally,":[179],"median":[181],"age":[182],"at":[183],"onset":[184],"decreased":[189],"from":[190,205],"83":[191],"to":[192,194,207,209,250],"78":[193],"74":[195],"years":[196],"as":[197],"increased":[204],"0":[206],"1":[208],"respectively":[211],"(test":[212],"trend,":[214],".001).":[217],"Our":[218],"data,":[219],"which":[220],"are":[221],"agreement":[223],"recent":[225],"reports,":[226],"suggest":[227],"is":[233],"allelic":[240],"variant":[241],"may":[242],"be":[243],"important":[245],"risk":[246],"factor":[247],"susceptibility":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}