{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1585603545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(77)90005-0","title":"Schooling, experience and earnings","display_name":"Schooling, experience and earnings","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1585603545","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(77)90005-0","mag":"1585603545"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3878(77)90005-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(77)90005-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(77)90005-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101209419","display_name":"Journal of Development Economics","issn_l":"0304-3878","issn":["0304-3878","1872-6089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058370627","display_name":"George Psacharopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-2203","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7088-2203"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I909854389","display_name":"London School of Economics and Political Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0090zs177","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Psacharopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"London School of Economics, London WC2A 2AE, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058370627"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I909854389"],"apc_list":{"value":4590,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4590},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.3113,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":119,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97351371,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"1","first_page":"39","last_page":"48"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/returns-to-education","display_name":"returns to education","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/returns-to-training","display_name":"returns to training","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earnings-dispersion","display_name":"earnings dispersion","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-inequality","display_name":"income inequality","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-experience","display_name":"labor market experience","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-differentials","display_name":"skill differentials","score":0.7440000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-income-countries","display_name":"low-income countries","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morocco","display_name":"Morocco","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778448659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931051","display_name":"Overtaking","level":2,"score":0.891445517539978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.7817189693450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.7803500890731812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2557224","display_name":"Explanatory power","level":2,"score":0.7619878053665161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6552886366844177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.4863584637641907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.48081743717193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4041098654270172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.11945608258247375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09912803769111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.090221107006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0304-3878(77)90005-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(77)90005-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(77)90005-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101209419","display_name":"Journal of Development Economics","issn_l":"0304-3878","issn":["0304-3878","1872-6089"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-3","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Development Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.8974000215530396},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6164000034332275}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty","score":0.7400000095367432}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538443123","https://openalex.org/W2021470777","https://openalex.org/W2055245326","https://openalex.org/W2055744895","https://openalex.org/W2068293883","https://openalex.org/W2797541850","https://openalex.org/W3124684532","https://openalex.org/W4250363626"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055245326","https://openalex.org/W1553242817","https://openalex.org/W7005909983","https://openalex.org/W3123116280","https://openalex.org/W4299686622","https://openalex.org/W2044932176","https://openalex.org/W7071632669","https://openalex.org/W1529948535","https://openalex.org/W3125278326","https://openalex.org/W2185472979"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}