{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1585196265","doi":null,"title":"Generating readable texts for readers with low basic skills","display_name":"Generating readable texts for readers with low basic skills","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1585196265","mag":"1585196265"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:11395","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/11395/1/ENLG05.pdf","pdf_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/11395/1/ENLG05.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060252390","display_name":"Sandra Williams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandra Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005939553","display_name":"Ehud Reiter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-9504","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-9504"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehud Reiter","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7548-9504","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.2252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99260355,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13629","display_name":"Text Readability and Simplification","score":0.9717000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.014800000004470348,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-generation","display_name":"natural language generation","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/readability","display_name":"readability","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-literacy","display_name":"low literacy","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-adaptation","display_name":"textual adaptation","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-generation-evaluation","display_name":"text generation evaluation","score":0.3959999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778143727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820650","display_name":"Readability","level":2,"score":0.9897769093513489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7987536191940308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.7657555341720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.6365000605583191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.41926777362823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.36614009737968445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3499363660812378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.29872626066207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.206425279378891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14865627884864807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.08975043892860413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:oro.open.ac.uk:11395","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/11395/1/ENLG05.pdf","pdf_url":"https://oro.open.ac.uk/11395/1/ENLG05.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401187","display_name":"Open Research Online (The Open University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204136569","host_organization_name":"The Open University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204136569"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference or Workshop Item"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.258.9430","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.258.9430","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://oro.open.ac.uk/11395/1/ENLG05.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1585196265","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/W05-1616.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420585","display_name":"Natural Language Generation","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Natural Language Generation","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W89646195","https://openalex.org/W125211525","https://openalex.org/W562477733","https://openalex.org/W1483817654","https://openalex.org/W1486798440","https://openalex.org/W1540664537","https://openalex.org/W1563920584","https://openalex.org/W1576280417","https://openalex.org/W1592841198","https://openalex.org/W1645937837","https://openalex.org/W1990334545","https://openalex.org/W1995596402","https://openalex.org/W2035258140","https://openalex.org/W2044599851","https://openalex.org/W2068971403","https://openalex.org/W2082510261","https://openalex.org/W2085702226","https://openalex.org/W2090818911","https://openalex.org/W2092527610","https://openalex.org/W2097864171","https://openalex.org/W2110689058","https://openalex.org/W2117604984","https://openalex.org/W2119954850","https://openalex.org/W2123866438","https://openalex.org/W2154124305","https://openalex.org/W2160457904","https://openalex.org/W2804472389","https://openalex.org/W2913882240"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095277944","https://openalex.org/W2075594827","https://openalex.org/W2170773498","https://openalex.org/W2565444851","https://openalex.org/W1590760754","https://openalex.org/W7096981599","https://openalex.org/W7058270724","https://openalex.org/W2093148110","https://openalex.org/W2148979223","https://openalex.org/W2047794700"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"NLG":[1],"systems":[2],"generate":[3],"texts":[4],"for":[5,16],"readers":[6,17,24],"with":[7,18,22],"good":[8],"reading":[9],"ability,":[10],"but":[11],"SkillSum":[12],"adapts":[13],"its":[14],"output":[15],"poor":[19],"literacy.":[20],"Evaluation":[21],"lowskilled":[23],"confirms":[25],"that":[26],"SkillSum's":[27],"knowledge-based":[28],"microplanning":[29],"choices":[30],"enhance":[31],"readability.":[32],"We":[33],"also":[34],"discuss":[35],"future":[36],"readability":[37],"improvements.":[38]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}