{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1585026366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916100","title":"State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art biomolecular core facilities: a comprehensive survey 1","display_name":"State\u2010of\u2010the\u2010art biomolecular core facilities: a comprehensive survey 1","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1585026366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916100","mag":"1585026366","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1916100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25293849","display_name":"The FASEB Journal","issn_l":"0892-6638","issn":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The FASEB Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030174771","display_name":"Ronald L. Niece","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald L. Niece","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center Madison Wisconsin 53705 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wisconsin Biotechnology Center Madison Wisconsin 53705 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109356734","display_name":"Carol M. Beach","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carol M. Beach","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biochemistry University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40536 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biochemistry University of Kentucky Lexington Kentucky 40536 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Richard F. Cook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard F. Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Cancer Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021520910","display_name":"Gary M. Hathaway","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103635307","display_name":"University of California, Riverside","ror":"https://ror.org/03nawhv43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary M. Hathaway","raw_affiliation_strings":["Biochemistry Department University of California Riverside California 92521 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Biochemistry Department University of California Riverside California 92521 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103635307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066315798","display_name":"Kenneth R. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-9588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7792-9588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1344073410","display_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/006w34k90","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth R. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06510 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New Haven Connecticut 06510 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066315798"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1344073410","https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":3740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3740},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4492,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94546332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"13","first_page":"2756","last_page":"2760"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.7480000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.7480000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.01730000041425228,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10683","display_name":"Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications","score":0.016599999740719795,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-chemistry","display_name":"protein chemistry","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nucleic-acid-chemistry","display_name":"nucleic acid chemistry","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-fees","display_name":"user fees","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facility-funding","display_name":"facility funding","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facility-costs","display_name":"facility costs","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample-throughput","display_name":"sample throughput","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid-sequencing","display_name":"amino acid sequence determination","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amino-acid-analysis","display_name":"amino acid analysis","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-synthesis","display_name":"peptide synthesis","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proteolysis","display_name":"proteolysis","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-spectrometry","display_name":"mass spectrometry","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capillary-zone-electrophoresis","display_name":"capillary zone electrophoresis","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rna-synthesis","display_name":"RNA synthesis","score":0.9580000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4650695323944092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4611189365386963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3338325023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31567829847335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29920437932014465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10129532217979431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08481436967849731}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001709","descriptor_name":"Biotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001709","descriptor_name":"Biotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001709","descriptor_name":"Biotechnology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007753","descriptor_name":"Laboratories","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007753","descriptor_name":"Laboratories","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008967","descriptor_name":"Molecular Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008967","descriptor_name":"Molecular Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008967","descriptor_name":"Molecular Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916100","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1096/fasebj.5.13.1916100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S25293849","display_name":"The FASEB Journal","issn_l":"0892-6638","issn":["0892-6638","1530-6860"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The FASEB Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1916100","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1916100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7052619970","https://openalex.org/W1540406636","https://openalex.org/W1572019340","https://openalex.org/W7096999674","https://openalex.org/W2081743624","https://openalex.org/W1647861626","https://openalex.org/W2194996631","https://openalex.org/W1704769310","https://openalex.org/W2496772781","https://openalex.org/W7098256188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"survey":[1],"of":[2,73,84,102,120,129,139,143,147,180,182,197,214,221,237,246,262,279],"124":[3,122],"protein":[4,280],"and/or":[5],"nucleic":[6],"acid":[7,203,206,286],"chemistry":[8],"facilities":[9,111,163],"has":[10],"provided":[11,225],"a":[12,21,88,126,134,145],"basis":[13],"for":[14,164,284],"estimating":[15],"the":[16,23,32,121,140,173,178,198,222,235,260,277],"resources":[17],"needed":[18,26,283],"to":[19,27,40,136,170,192],"establish":[20],"facility,":[22],"financial":[24],"support":[25],"keep":[28],"it":[29,35],"operating,":[30],"and":[31,59,108,151,216,276,288],"technical":[33],"capabilities":[34],"might":[36,189],"reasonably":[37],"be":[38,137,190],"expected":[39,191],"achieve.":[41],"Based":[42],"on":[43,95],"these":[44,183],"data,":[45],"an":[46,71,80,99,186,242],"average":[47,72,81,141,187,243,270],"core":[48,110,162,274],"facility":[49,89,149,188],"occupied":[50],"870":[51],"ft2,":[52],"was":[53,60,168],"staffed":[54],"by":[55],"three":[56],"full-time":[57],"personnel,":[58],"equipped":[61],"with":[62,79],"4-5":[63],"major":[64,201,252],"instrument":[65],"systems.":[66],"Because":[67],"user":[68,92,115],"fees":[69,93],"generated":[70],"about":[74,85,103,247],"$101,000/year":[75],"in":[76,158,161,177,259,273],"income":[77],"compared":[78],"operating":[82],"budget":[83],"$197,000/year,":[86],"even":[87],"that":[90,132,257,281],"charged":[91],"would,":[94],"average,":[96],"still":[97],"require":[98],"annual":[100],"subsidy":[101],"$96,000.":[104],"Although":[105,185],"most":[106],"government":[107],"industrial":[109],"did":[112,124],"not":[113],"assess":[114],"fees,":[116],"at":[117],"least":[118],"83":[119],"respondents":[123],"have":[125],"preestablished":[127],"schedule":[128],"service":[130],"charges":[131,159],"enabled":[133],"compilation":[135],"made":[138],"cost":[142],"providing":[144],"number":[146],"typical":[148],"analyses":[150],"syntheses.":[152],"The":[153],"greater":[154],"than":[155,219],"100-fold":[156],"range":[157,176,261],"assessed":[160],"seemingly":[165],"identical":[166],"services":[167,253],"shown":[169],"result":[171],"from":[172],"equally":[174],"large":[175],"degree":[179],"subsidization":[181],"laboratories.":[184],"offer":[193],"four":[194],"or":[195,231],"five":[196],"following":[199],"six":[200],"services--amino":[202],"sequencing,":[204],"amino":[205],"analysis,":[207],"HPLC":[208],"peptide":[209,211,238],"isolation,":[210],"synthesis,":[212,239],"fragmentation":[213],"proteins":[215],"DNA":[217],"synthesis--less":[218],"10%":[220],"responding":[223],"laboratories":[224,275],"mass":[226],"spectrometry,":[227],"capillary":[228],"zone":[229],"electrophoresis,":[230],"RNA":[232],"synthesis.":[233],"With":[234],"exception":[236],"which":[240],"had":[241,254],"turn-around":[244,255],"time":[245],"24":[248],"days,":[249],"all":[250],"other":[251],"times":[256],"averaged":[258],"4-9":[263],"days.":[264],"Additional":[265],"data":[266],"are":[267],"summarized":[268],"regarding":[269],"sample":[271],"throughput":[272],"amount":[278],"is":[282],"hydrolysis/amino":[285],"analysis":[287],"sequencing.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}