{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1584956989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267325","title":"FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POOR PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVES IN LESS DEVELOPED AREAS","display_name":"FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POOR PERFORMANCE OF AGRICULTURAL CO-OPERATIVES IN LESS DEVELOPED AREAS","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1584956989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267325","mag":"1584956989"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:agreko:267325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/267325/files/15-Machethe.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/267325/files/15-Machethe.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267325","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084462165","display_name":"Charles L Machethe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-2132","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5215-2132"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Machethe, C. L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Machethe, C. L.","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Machethe, C. L.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084462165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30887221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"4","first_page":"305","last_page":"309"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12121","display_name":"Cooperative Studies and Economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12121","display_name":"Cooperative Studies and Economics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-cooperatives","display_name":"agricultural cooperatives","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-performance","display_name":"cooperative performance","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-development","display_name":"agricultural development","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-poverty","display_name":"rural poverty","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/south-africa","display_name":"South Africa","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-membership","display_name":"cooperative membership","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cooperative-management","display_name":"cooperative management","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-credit","display_name":"agricultural credit","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transportation","display_name":"transportation","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subsistence-agriculture","display_name":"subsistence farming","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/less-developed-areas","display_name":"less developed areas","score":0.5799999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156005406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2787508","display_name":"Subsistence agriculture","level":3,"score":0.7874096632003784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.7535399794578552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5934520959854126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988676352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3773637","display_name":"Rural development","level":3,"score":0.5485984086990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.38835838437080383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3612254559993744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27643007040023804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.09895598888397217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:agreko:267325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/267325/files/15-Machethe.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/267325/files/15-Machethe.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:1584956989","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/267325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S193176721","display_name":"Agrekon","issn_l":"0303-1853","issn":["0303-1853","2078-0400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Agrekon","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:267325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/267325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/267325","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.267325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.267325","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267325","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.267325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.6875},{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.5217000246047974}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000673941","https://openalex.org/W2070660759","https://openalex.org/W2072999367","https://openalex.org/W2106544546","https://openalex.org/W2137267507"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3010236132","https://openalex.org/W1508610151","https://openalex.org/W2000673941","https://openalex.org/W329953159","https://openalex.org/W7047307271","https://openalex.org/W2728597499","https://openalex.org/W3034644584","https://openalex.org/W3151424942","https://openalex.org/W3041908674","https://openalex.org/W7020145637"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Agricu_ltu~I":[0],"co-operatives":[1,56,86,101,107,133],"arc":[2],"instruments":[3],"use~":[4],"to":[5,57,95,102,108,127],"accelerate":[6],"the":[7,39,44,53,73,78,117,129],"process":[8],"of":[9,22,41,43,55,64,70,75,77,81,93,106,112,120,131,138],"agricultural":[10,35,132],"development":[11,36],"in":[12,33,134],"less":[13,19,135],"developed":[14,136],"countries.":[15],"Cooper~":[16],"tlvcs":[17],"1~":[18],"developed_":[20],"~rcas":[21],"South":[23,139],"Afnca":[24],"have":[25],"not,":[26],"with":[27,67,89,125],"a":[28],"few":[29],"exceptions,":[30],"been":[31],"successful":[32],"fostering":[34],"and":[37,116],"1mproV1ng":[38],"level":[40],"hVJng":[42],"rural":[45],"poor.":[46],"The":[47,122],"paper":[48],"provides":[49],"some":[50],"explanations":[51],"for":[52],"failure":[54,84,99],"achieve":[58],"these":[59],"goals.":[60],"The_se":[61],"inc!ude:":[62],"la~k":[63],"mcmbcrship:s":[65],"identity":[66],"co-operatives;":[68],"lack":[69],"understanding":[71],"on":[72],"part":[74],"members":[76,94],"co-operative":[79],"w~y":[80],"domg":[82],"thm~;":[83],"of_":[85],"!o":[87],"c~m~t_c":[88],"other":[90],"b~sincsses;":[91],"inability":[92],"dismiss":[96],"inefficient":[97],"management;":[98],"o_f":[100],"pr?VJde":[103],"transportation;":[104],"mab1hty":[105],"keep":[109],"adequate":[110],"stocks":[111],"requisites;":[113],"insufficient":[114],"credit;":[115],"subsistence":[118],"nature":[119],"agnculturc.":[121],"study":[123],"concludes":[124],"proposals":[126],"improve":[128],"performance":[130],"areas":[137],"Africa.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}