{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1584881834","doi":null,"title":"The End of Japanese-Style Human Resource Management?","display_name":"The End of Japanese-Style Human Resource Management?","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1584881834","mag":"1584881834"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/7575","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7575","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7575","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003685444","display_name":"Gregory K. Ornatowski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregory K. Ornatowski","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003685444"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"73","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.5443999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.5443999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13911","display_name":"Employment, Labor, and Gender Studies","score":0.3366999924182892,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3311","display_name":"Safety Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12843","display_name":"Human Resource and Talent Management","score":0.06109999865293503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifetime-employment","display_name":"lifetime employment","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/seniority-based-wages","display_name":"seniority-based wages","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pay-for-performance","display_name":"performance-based pay","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/promotion-practices","display_name":"promotion methods","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-policy-reform","display_name":"employment policy reform","score":0.4620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour-market-flexibility","display_name":"labour market flexibility","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-recession","display_name":"Japanese recession","score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-collar-workers","display_name":"white-collar workers","score":0.3479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-firms","display_name":"Japanese companies","score":0.35100001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparison-with-united-states","display_name":"United States comparison","score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-guarantee","display_name":"wage guarantee","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127576917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624630","display_name":"Competitor analysis","level":2,"score":0.7105659246444702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780783599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931779","display_name":"Seniority","level":2,"score":0.7082080245018005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6572999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.4958840310573578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.44234126806259155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4270555377006531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98147612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215599","display_name":"Promotion (chess)","level":3,"score":0.41237902641296387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.3799886703491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.30187612771987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2956104874610901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.16421476006507874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/7575","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7575","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},{"id":"mag:1584881834","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=2492760","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189923312","display_name":"Sloan management review","issn_l":"0019-848X","issn":["0019-848X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ft50"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sloan management review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/7575","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7575","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/7575","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1584881834.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1584881834.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1576019077","https://openalex.org/W2799110855"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2280186481","https://openalex.org/W2171007568","https://openalex.org/W2080644031","https://openalex.org/W2317605971","https://openalex.org/W7215298545","https://openalex.org/W2055847702","https://openalex.org/W2043369028","https://openalex.org/W359606928","https://openalex.org/W1967027212","https://openalex.org/W1573045695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"my":[1],"view":[2,508],"it":[3,144,313],"is":[4,15,57,145,175,314,387,477],"the":[5,9,16,23,36,51,55,60,71,75,82,98,106,109,112,120,123,151,154,199,257,262,274,281,290,297,305,325,345,365,388,413,418,444,463,466,478],"labor":[6],"market,":[7],"particularly":[8],"practice":[10,200],"of":[11,35,54,62,85,94,111,122,125,153,180,201,214,221,264,267,277,283,328,347,359,390,425,443,450,465,481],"permanent":[12],"employment,":[13],"that":[14,182,509],"most":[17,207],"important":[18],"persisting":[19],"institutional":[20],"difference":[21,27],"between":[22,40],"U.S.":[24,107],"and":[25,64,105,128,195,231,234,296,350,353,380,421,438,469,494,516,527,562],"Japan.This":[26],"has":[28,90,161],"much":[29],"to":[30,58,149,192,244,250,308,316,339,368,403,433,503,552,554],"do":[31],"with":[32,499],"shaping":[33],"many":[34,142],"more":[37,164,515,517],"obvious":[38],"differences":[39],"both":[41,103,489,522,560],"economies.\"Gary":[42],"Saxonhousel":[43],"\"The":[44],"single":[45],"greatest":[46],"challenge":[47],"facing":[48],"managers":[49],"in":[50,97,102,118,206,212,261,337,343,363,395,406,417,455,486,521],"developed":[52],"countries":[53],"world":[56],"raise":[59],"productivity":[61,431],"knowledge":[63],"service":[65],"workers.This":[66],"challenge,":[67],"which":[68,247],"will":[69,79,356,544,549],"dominate":[70],"management":[72,116],"agenda":[73],"for":[74,256,490,495,535],"next":[76],"several":[77],"decades,":[78],"ultimately":[80],"determine":[81],"competitive":[83,460],"performance":[84],"companies.\"":[86],"Peter":[87],"Drucker":[88],"2There":[89],"been":[91,162],"a":[92,146,169,176,219,251,265,318,409,448,504,533,556],"plethora":[93],"recent":[95,506],"articles":[96],"popular":[99,398,507],"business":[100],"press":[101,399],"Japan":[104,284,291,298,336],"about":[108],"\"end":[110],"Japanese-style":[113],"human":[114,524],"resource":[115,525],"system,\"":[117],"particular,":[119,407],"end":[121,152],"practices":[124,346,376],"lifetime":[126,202,348],"employment":[127,203,341,349,375,396,487],"seniority-based":[129,193,215,351],"wages":[130,216,352],"andpromotion":[131],"among":[132,237],"large":[133,178,208,222,330,547],"Japanese":[134,275,331,374,419,457,467,491,500,510],"firms.3":[135],"While":[136],"changes":[137,184,379,394,454,483],"are":[138,185,189,248,333,373,512],"being":[139],"made":[140],"at":[141],"companies,":[143],"far":[147,163],"cry":[148],"proclaim":[150],"current":[155],"system,":[156],"since":[157],"this":[158,441,542],"\"system\"":[159],"itself":[160],"an":[165,423],"evolving":[166],"process":[167],"than":[168,321],"long":[170,410],"term":[171],"stable":[172],"phenomenon.Moreover,":[173],"there":[174],"fairly":[177],"amount":[179],"evidence":[181,255],"while":[183,198],"taking":[186],"place,":[187],"they":[188],"generally":[190],"limited":[191],"pay":[194,230],"promotion":[196,232],"practices,":[197,488],"remains":[204],"intact":[205],"companies.In":[209],"addition,":[210],"even":[211,235],"terms":[213],"(nenko),":[217],"only":[218],"minority":[220],"firms":[223,492,511,520],"(approximately":[224],"10%)":[225],"have":[226],"actually":[227],"substituted":[228],"performance-based":[229,253],"systems,":[233],"2":[236],"these":[238,393,482],"firms,":[239],"some":[240],"retain":[241],"guarantees":[242],"as":[243,532,565],"wage":[245],"levels":[246],"contrary":[249,502],"pure":[252],"system.The":[254],"above":[258],"statements":[259],"lies":[260],"results":[263,362],"number":[266],"recently":[268],"published":[269],"surveys":[270],"carried":[271],"out":[272,447],"by":[273],"Ministry":[276],"Labor":[278],"(hereafter":[279,288,294,302],"JMOL),":[280],"Federation":[282],"Employers":[285],"or":[286],"Nikkeiren":[287],"FJE),":[289],"Productivity":[292],"Center":[293],"JPC),":[295],"Employment":[299],"Information":[300],"(_-nter":[301],"JEIC)":[303],"over":[304,412,539],"past":[306,414],"two":[307,404],"three":[309],"years.Using":[310],"such":[311,360],"surveys,":[312],"possible":[315],"obtain":[317],"broad-based":[319],"(rather":[320],"journalistically":[322],"skewed":[323],"toward":[324,473],"exceptional)":[326],"picture":[327],"what":[329],"companies":[332,497,548],"doing":[334],"within":[335],"regards":[338],"their":[340,523],"policies,":[342],"particular":[344],"promotion.This":[354],"paper":[355,543],"make":[357],"use":[358],"survey":[361],"answering":[364],"first":[366],"issue":[367,386,476],"be":[369,434,550],"addressed":[370],"here:":[371],"namely,":[372],"undergoing":[377],"fundamental":[378],"if":[381],"so":[382],"how":[383],"much?A":[384],"second":[385],"set":[389],"reasons":[391],"behind":[392],"practices.While":[397],"reports":[400],"commonly":[401],"point":[402],"factors":[405],"i.e.(a)":[408],"recession":[411],"four":[415],"years":[416],"economy,":[420,468],"(b)":[422],"excess":[424],"older":[426],"white":[427],"collar":[428],"employees":[429],"whose":[430],"needs":[432],"improved":[435],"(Schlender,":[436],"1994,":[437],"Hori,":[439],"1993),":[440],"categorization":[442],"problem":[445],"leaves":[446],"range":[449],"other":[451],"reasons.These":[452],"include":[453],"(1)":[456],"companies'":[458],"international":[459],"positions,":[461],"(2)":[462],"structure":[464],"(3)":[470],"employee":[471],"attitudes":[472],"work.A":[474],"third":[475],"strategic":[479],"implications":[480],"(and":[484,531],"non-changes)":[485],"themselves":[493],"Western":[496,519],"competing":[498],"firms.Again,":[501],"certain":[505],"simply":[513],"becoming":[514],"like":[518],"policies":[526],"overall":[528],"firm":[529],"strategies":[530],"result":[534],"example":[536],"emphasizing":[537],"profits":[538],"market":[540,563],"share),":[541],"show":[545],"why":[546],"forced":[551],"continue":[553],"place":[555],"strong":[557],"emphasis":[558],"on":[559],"growth":[561],"share":[564],"corporate":[566]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-30T07:30:35.949966","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}