{"id":"https://openalex.org/W15844313","doi":null,"title":"[Irritating effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pools].","display_name":"[Irritating effects of disinfection by-products in swimming pools].","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W15844313","mag":"15844313","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9531722"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9531722","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9531722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zentralblatt fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin = International journal of hygiene and environmental medicine","raw_type":"English Abstract"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109099055","display_name":"Lothar Erdinger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I223822909","display_name":"Heidelberg University","ror":"https://ror.org/038t36y30","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Erdinger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abt. Hygiene und Med. Mikrobiologie, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abt. Hygiene und Med. Mikrobiologie, Universit\u00e4t Heidelberg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I223822909"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059788517","display_name":"Frank Kirsch","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Kirsch","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112194735","display_name":"Hans\u2010G\u00fcnther Sonntag","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H G Sonntag","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3274,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53648118,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"200","issue":"5-6","first_page":"491","last_page":"503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11493","display_name":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12526","display_name":"Antimicrobial agents and applications","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2402","display_name":"Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinfection-by-products","display_name":"disinfection by-products","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swimming-pool-water","display_name":"swimming pool water","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-irritation","display_name":"eye irritation","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mucosal-irritation","display_name":"mucosal irritation","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorine","display_name":"chlorine","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloramines","display_name":"chloramines","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/het-cam-test","display_name":"HET-CAM test","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/draize-test","display_name":"Draize test","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synergistic-effect","display_name":"synergistic effect","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-mixtures","display_name":"chemical mixtures","score":0.5630000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505241676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688","display_name":"Chlorine","level":2,"score":0.8040560483932495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.738538920879364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Irritation","level":2,"score":0.726071834564209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781144210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172275","display_name":"Chloroform","level":2,"score":0.6917290091514587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184651966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906356","display_name":"Aqueous solution","level":2,"score":0.5400941371917725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994251472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Eye irritation","level":3,"score":0.5321183800697327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779488458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9189940","display_name":"Chloramine","level":3,"score":0.5228548645973206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.48620930314064026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.433448851108551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104488531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864212","display_name":"Bioassay","level":2,"score":0.410478413105011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33070731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7218","display_name":"Toxicology","level":1,"score":0.3642275035381317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3131161332130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.18299046158790588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1429184377193451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.08569550514221191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000482","descriptor_name":"Allantois","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002642","descriptor_name":"Chick Embryo","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002713","descriptor_name":"Chlorine","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002823","descriptor_name":"Chorion","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004202","descriptor_name":"Disinfectants","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004203","descriptor_name":"Disinfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005123","descriptor_name":"Eye","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006843","descriptor_name":"Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006843","descriptor_name":"Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007509","descriptor_name":"Irritants","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011817","descriptor_name":"Rabbits","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013551","descriptor_name":"Swimming Pools","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014867","descriptor_name":"Water","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9531722","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9531722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Zentralblatt fur Hygiene und Umweltmedizin = International journal of hygiene and environmental medicine","raw_type":"English Abstract"},{"id":"mag:15844313","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9531722","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102203420","https://openalex.org/W2915042662","https://openalex.org/W4312064774","https://openalex.org/W2058870469","https://openalex.org/W2015498440","https://openalex.org/W2581609356","https://openalex.org/W2965422031","https://openalex.org/W1517264744","https://openalex.org/W7095109127","https://openalex.org/W7155486591"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Compounds":[0],"which":[1,63,75],"can":[2,53,220],"occur":[3],"as":[4,77,156,158],"disinfection":[5],"by-products":[6],"(DBP's)":[7],"in":[8,181,187,259,270],"swimming":[9,58,242,281],"pool":[10,59,243,282],"water":[11,244],"were":[12,116,163,184],"examined":[13],"for":[14,67,176,276],"their":[15],"mucous":[16,105,237],"membrane":[17,106,238],"irritating":[18,33,107,123,151,213,239,278],"potential.":[19],"Previous":[20],"studies":[21],"using":[22,223,231],"the":[23,32,47,80,95,104,113,132,150,169,177,188,211,236,249,260],"rabbit":[24],"eye":[25,50,68,212,277],"test":[26],"(Draiz\u00e9":[27],"test)":[28],"have":[29,119],"shown":[30],"that":[31,52,210,235],"potential":[34,240],"of":[35,38,49,82,109,112,131,137,153,159,161,171,190,201,215,218,241,248,254,257,262,280],"typical":[36],"concentrations":[37,145,217],"free":[39],"and":[40,251],"combined":[41,195],"chlorine":[42,192],"are":[43],"insufficient":[44],"to":[45,57,102,118,127,167,272],"explain":[46],"degree":[48],"irritation":[51,69],"result":[54],"from":[55],"exposure":[56],"water.":[60,283],"Other":[61],"DBP's":[62,219,258],"may":[64],"be":[65,221,267],"responsible":[66,175],"include":[70],"halogenated":[71],"carboxyl":[72],"compounds":[73,114,155,173,202],"(HCC's)":[74],"act":[76],"precursors":[78],"during":[79],"formation":[81],"chloroform.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85,232],"study,":[86],"a":[87,120,128,199,224,246,255],"modified":[88,225],"HET-CAM":[89,226],"Test":[90,93],"(Hens":[91],"Egg":[92],"at":[94,143],"Chorion":[96],"Allantois":[97],"Membrane)":[98],"has":[99],"been":[100],"used":[101],"investigate":[103],"effects":[108,152,214,250,279],"HCC's.":[110],"Some":[111],"tested":[115,186],"found":[117],"significantly":[121,204],"increased":[122],"effect":[124],"when":[125],"compared":[126],"chlorine/chloramine":[129],"mixture":[130],"same":[133],"concentration,":[134],"several":[135],"mixtures":[136,160],"HCC's":[138,162,183],"where":[139],"even":[140],"more":[141],"active":[142],"lower":[144],"than":[146],"single":[147],"compounds.":[148],"However,":[149],"individual":[154],"well":[157],"not":[164],"sufficiently":[165],"intense":[166],"allow":[168],"identification":[170],"those":[172],"specifically":[174],"overall":[178],"observed":[179],"increase":[180],"irritation.":[182],"therefore":[185],"presence":[189,261],"aqueous":[191,197],"solution.":[193],"When":[194],"with":[196],"chlorine,":[198],"number":[200,256],"exhibited":[203],"enhanced":[205],"effects.":[206],"Our":[207],"results":[208,229],"show":[209],"low":[216],"investigated":[222],"assay.":[227],"Moreover,":[228],"obtained":[230],"assay":[233],"suggest":[234],"is":[245],"consequence":[247],"synergistic":[252],"action":[253],"chlorine.":[263],"Further":[264],"work":[265],"should":[266],"carried":[268],"out":[269],"order":[271],"establish":[273],"an":[274],"indicator":[275]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
