{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1581690348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872086801000206","title":"Work Schedules and Performance During Confinement","display_name":"Work Schedules and Performance During Confinement","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1581690348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872086801000206","mag":"1581690348","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4386299"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/001872086801000206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872086801000206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872086801000206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088547658","display_name":"W. Dean Chiles","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342895125","display_name":"Federal Aviation Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05q0y0j38","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282462722","https://openalex.org/I1342895125"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800246717","display_name":"Civil Aerospace Medical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/043e04s74","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282462722","https://openalex.org/I1342895125","https://openalex.org/I2800246717"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Dean Chiles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil Aeromedical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil Aeromedical Institute, Federal Aviation Administration, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342895125","https://openalex.org/I2800246717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053160656","display_name":"Earl A. Alluisi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142740786","display_name":"University of Louisville","ror":"https://ror.org/01ckdn478","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Earl A. Alluisi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142740786"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Oscar S. Adams","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388891857","display_name":"Lockheed (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01zhx8042","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1287521167","https://openalex.org/I4388891857"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oscar S. Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Operations Research Division, Lockheed-Georgia Company, Marietta, Georgia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Operations Research Division, Lockheed-Georgia Company, Marietta, Georgia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388891857"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.33,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97777778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"143","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12005","display_name":"Spaceflight effects on biology","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14214","display_name":"Space Exploration and Technology","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work-rest-schedule","display_name":"work-rest schedule","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confinement","display_name":"confinement","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator-performance","display_name":"operator performance","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circadian-rhythm","display_name":"circadian rhythm","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-deprivation","display_name":"sleep deprivation","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-reserves","display_name":"emergency reserves","score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-duration-spaceflight","display_name":"long-duration spaceflight","score":0.609000027179718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.706748902797699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780179797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q345844","display_name":"Crew","level":2,"score":0.6629951000213623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6133928298950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77265313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q879844","display_name":"Rest (music)","level":2,"score":0.5919347405433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5118288397789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.41275620460510254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.36925601959228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.33094045519828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1961638331413269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17490145564079285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1344570815563202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11443072557449341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000223","descriptor_name":"Adaptation, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004526","descriptor_name":"Efficiency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010507","descriptor_name":"Periodicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012146","descriptor_name":"Rest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014937","descriptor_name":"Work","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018504","descriptor_name":"Ecological Systems, Closed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/001872086801000206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872086801000206","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/001872086801000206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83386566","display_name":"Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","issn_l":"0018-7208","issn":["0018-7208","1547-8181"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4386299","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4386299","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Human factors","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.5683000087738037,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.48510000109672546,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W265047468","https://openalex.org/W308556392","https://openalex.org/W1575286547","https://openalex.org/W1583336597","https://openalex.org/W1594707059","https://openalex.org/W1602245469","https://openalex.org/W1607205841","https://openalex.org/W1776178666","https://openalex.org/W1900455885","https://openalex.org/W1952913693","https://openalex.org/W1959207343","https://openalex.org/W1986366597","https://openalex.org/W2058109925","https://openalex.org/W2078621284","https://openalex.org/W2104516804","https://openalex.org/W2133231926","https://openalex.org/W2134616583","https://openalex.org/W2142279272","https://openalex.org/W2410197330","https://openalex.org/W2746936185","https://openalex.org/W2994459109","https://openalex.org/W4206358279","https://openalex.org/W4231280415","https://openalex.org/W4252082614","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602245469","https://openalex.org/W1583336597","https://openalex.org/W306130959","https://openalex.org/W1986366597","https://openalex.org/W308556392","https://openalex.org/W1486626698","https://openalex.org/W265047468","https://openalex.org/W655542385","https://openalex.org/W2577204505","https://openalex.org/W2089815746"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thirteen":[0],"investigations":[1],"were":[2,36],"carried":[3],"out":[4],"as":[5,114],"a":[6,25,39,51,66,75,90,99,104],"part":[7],"of":[8,12,18,33,42,82],"an":[9],"8-year":[10],"program":[11],"research":[13],"on":[14,74,98],"the":[15,131],"performance":[16,43,129],"effects":[17],"various":[19],"work/rest":[20],"schedules":[21],"during":[22],"confinement":[23],"to":[24,107,135],"simulated":[26],"aeorspace":[27],"vehicle":[28],"crew":[29],"compartment.":[30],"A":[31],"total":[32],"139":[34],"subjects":[35],"tested":[37],"using":[38],"standard":[40],"battery":[41],"tasks.":[44],"The":[45],"synthetic":[46],"work":[47,69,93],"approach":[48],"used":[49],"provided":[50],"reliable,":[52],"face-valid,":[53],"and":[54],"sensitive":[55],"technique":[56],"for":[57,80,110],"assessing":[58],"complex":[59],"operator":[60],"performance.":[61],"It":[62],"was":[63],"found":[64,120],"that":[65],"man":[67,91],"can":[68,92],"12":[70],"hours":[71,95],"per":[72,96],"day":[73,97],"4-hours":[76],"work/4-hours":[77],"rest":[78],"schedule":[79,101],"periods":[81],"at":[83,103],"least":[84],"30":[85],"days.":[86],"For":[87],"shorter":[88],"periods,":[89],"16":[94],"4/2":[100],"but":[102],"significant":[105],"cost":[106],"his":[108],"reserves":[109],"meeting":[111],"emergencies":[112],"such":[113],"sleep":[115],"loss.":[116],"Circadian":[117],"periodicities":[118,127],"are":[119],"in":[121,128],"psycho-physiological":[122],"functions":[123],"paralleled":[124],"by":[125,137],"similar":[126],"functions,":[130],"latter":[132],"being":[133],"subject":[134],"modification":[136],"special":[138],"motivational":[139],"instructions.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}