{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1580153205","doi":null,"title":"The obesity pandemic--implications for Pakistan.","display_name":"The obesity pandemic--implications for Pakistan.","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1580153205","mag":"1580153205","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12481671"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12481671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12481671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/597","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109041299","display_name":"D Nanan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","display_name":"Aga Khan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gd0dm95","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606","https://openalex.org/I4210114929"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D J Nanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Karachi","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109041299"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81638868,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"8","first_page":"342","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10010","display_name":"Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12066","display_name":"Obesity and Health Practices","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity","display_name":"obesity","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overweight","display_name":"overweight","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/body-mass-index","display_name":"body mass index","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obesity-prevalence","display_name":"obesity prevalence","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pakistan","display_name":"Pakistan","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-rural-differences","display_name":"urban-rural differences","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socioeconomic-status","display_name":"socioeconomic status","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-communicable-diseases","display_name":"non-communicable diseases","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.5569999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertension","display_name":"hypertension","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underweight","display_name":"underweight","score":0.5040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-modification","display_name":"lifestyle modification","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.7670000195503235}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9016737937927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332428","display_name":"Overweight","level":3,"score":0.870846152305603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.8227359652519226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146902","display_name":"Underweight","level":4,"score":0.7503585815429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780221984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131191","display_name":"Body mass index","level":2,"score":0.6350226402282715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.5305954217910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4824433922767639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4710899293422699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.43109411001205444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3965432047843933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.09382766485214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009765","descriptor_name":"Obesity","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010154","descriptor_name":"Pakistan","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015992","descriptor_name":"Body Mass Index","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015995","descriptor_name":"Prevalence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12481671","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12481671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"JPMA. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs-1596","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/597","pdf_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/597","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Community Health Sciences","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:1580153205","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12481671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ecommons.aku.edu:pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs-1596","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/597","pdf_url":"https://ecommons.aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/597","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196301","display_name":"eCommons - AKU (Aga Khan University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118185606","host_organization_name":"Aga Khan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118185606"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Community Health Sciences","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1580153205.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1580153205.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W73429258","https://openalex.org/W148370337","https://openalex.org/W588309817","https://openalex.org/W1552919475","https://openalex.org/W1602122346","https://openalex.org/W1668102142","https://openalex.org/W1693423716","https://openalex.org/W1985589356","https://openalex.org/W2007814295","https://openalex.org/W2025356820","https://openalex.org/W2029872728","https://openalex.org/W2030968730","https://openalex.org/W2050359523","https://openalex.org/W2066051121","https://openalex.org/W2090794649","https://openalex.org/W2096491557","https://openalex.org/W2102771089","https://openalex.org/W2111253392","https://openalex.org/W2121002283","https://openalex.org/W2123930841","https://openalex.org/W2124200900","https://openalex.org/W2141392962","https://openalex.org/W2143030072","https://openalex.org/W2147735764","https://openalex.org/W2515343723","https://openalex.org/W2581684202","https://openalex.org/W3213507899"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2120613817","https://openalex.org/W3006612965","https://openalex.org/W2014772459","https://openalex.org/W3203065748","https://openalex.org/W3111308674","https://openalex.org/W1974675158","https://openalex.org/W2064875583","https://openalex.org/W4390483029","https://openalex.org/W7096630910","https://openalex.org/W2283472256"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Adverse":[1],"health":[2,247],"outcomes":[3],"are":[4,177],"associated":[5,161],"with":[6,162,180,201,253],"overweight":[7,44,84],"and":[8,29,54,85,112,122,126,138,145,147,154,174,190,211,220,231],"obesity.":[9],"In":[10,168],"February":[11],"2000,":[12],"the":[13,18,21,25,30,41,65,88,246],"WHO":[14],"Regional":[15],"Office":[16],"for":[17,24,38,40,78,110,114,124,136,140,152,213,229,237,259],"Western":[19],"Pacific,":[20],"International":[22,31],"Association":[23],"Study":[26],"of":[27,69,83,94,165,188,196,223,245,248],"Obesity":[28,32,157],"Task":[33],"Force":[34],"published":[35],"provisional":[36],"recommendations":[37],"adults":[39,204],"Asia-Pacific":[42],"region:":[43],"at":[45,56],"Body":[46],"Mass":[47],"Index":[48],"(BMI)":[49],">":[50,58,97,225,233],"or":[51,59,98,226,234],"=":[52,60,99,227,235],"23":[53,228],"obesity":[55,86,95,202],"BMI":[57,75,224,232],"25.":[61],"METHODS:":[62],"Data":[63],"from":[64],"National":[66],"Health":[67],"Survey":[68],"Pakistan,":[70,172],"1990-94":[71],"were":[72],"reanalyzed":[73],"using":[74],"cut-offs":[76],"recommended":[77],"Asians":[79],"to":[80],"reassess":[81],"prevalence":[82,119,133,158,210],"in":[87,101,105,116,142,149,198,203,251],"adult":[89],"Pakistani":[90],"population.":[91],"RESULTS:":[92],"Prevalence":[93],"(BMI":[96],"25)":[100],"25-44":[102],"year":[103,131],"olds":[104],"rural":[106,143],"areas":[107,151],"was":[108,120,134,159],"9%":[109],"men":[111,125,137,153],"14%":[113],"women;":[115],"urban":[117,150],"areas,":[118,144],"22%":[121],"37%":[123],"women,":[127,155],"respectively.":[128,156],"For":[129],"45-64":[130],"olds,":[132],"11%":[135],"19%":[139],"women":[141],"23%":[146],"40%":[148],"directly":[160],"SES,":[163],"regardless":[164],"residence.":[166],"CONCLUSION:":[167],"South":[169],"Asia,":[170],"including":[171],"social":[173],"environmental":[175],"changes":[176],"occurring":[178],"rapidly,":[179],"increasing":[181],"urbanization,":[182],"changing":[183],"lifestyles,":[184],"higher":[185,209],"energy":[186],"density":[187],"diets,":[189],"reduced":[191],"physical":[192],"activity.":[193],"The":[194],"coexistence":[195],"underweight":[197],"early":[199],"life":[200],"may":[205,239],"presage":[206],"both":[207],"a":[208,241],"incidence":[212],"noncommunicable":[214],"diseases":[215],"(NCDs)":[216],"such":[217],"as":[218],"hypertension":[219],"diabetes.":[221],"Use":[222],"overweight,":[230],"25":[236],"obesity,":[238],"provide":[240],"more":[242,254],"accurate":[243],"determination":[244],"Pakistanis,":[249],"especially":[250],"those":[252],"than":[255],"one":[256],"risk":[257],"factor":[258],"NCDs.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}