{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1578080543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1940725","title":"Shadows of the Captain of the Men of Death: Early Life Health Interventions, Human Capital Investments, and Institutions","display_name":"Shadows of the Captain of the Men of Death: Early Life Health Interventions, Human Capital Investments, and Institutions","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1578080543","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1940725","mag":"1578080543"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1940725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1940725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1940725","pdf_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1940725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1940725","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004235086","display_name":"Sonia R. Bhalotra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8634-8822","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8634-8822"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197518295","display_name":"IZA - Institute of Labor Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/029s44460","country_code":"DE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sonia R. Bhalotra","raw_affiliation_strings":["IZA Institute of Labor Economics, P.O. Box 7240, Bonn, D-53072, Germany","IZA Institute of Labor Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics, P.O. Box 7240, Bonn, D-53072, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IZA Institute of Labor Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197518295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039583563","display_name":"Atheendar S Venkataramani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-8903","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7612-8903"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atheendar Venkataramani","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine, 423 Guardian Drive, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pennsylvania - Perelman School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5039583563"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.384799987077713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.384799987077713,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12088","display_name":"Intergenerational and Educational Inequality Studies","score":0.21469999849796295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12312","display_name":"Culture, Economy, and Development Studies","score":0.10270000249147415,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-life-health","display_name":"early life health","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-pneumonia","display_name":"pediatric pneumonia","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotics","display_name":"antibiotics","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infant-health","display_name":"infant health","score":0.45100000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-education","display_name":"adult education","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment","display_name":"employment","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disability","display_name":"disability","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income","display_name":"income","score":0.9079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-mobility","display_name":"income mobility","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-segregation","display_name":"racial segregation","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-disparities","display_name":"racial disparities","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital-investment","display_name":"human capital investment","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutions","display_name":"institutions","score":0.6439999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-mobility","display_name":"economic mobility","score":0.41999998688697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117797892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286363","display_name":"Shadow (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7182002067565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777914695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12192","display_name":"Pneumonia","level":2,"score":0.6030009388923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.439840167760849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.36234980821609497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2690308690071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11171543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41630","display_name":"Psychoanalysis","level":1,"score":0.2026771605014801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.18523570895195007}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1940725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1940725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1940725","pdf_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1940725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1940725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1940725","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1940725","pdf_url":"https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm?abstractid=1940725","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1636079335","display_name":"Centre for Market and Public Organisation","funder_award_id":"ES/H005331/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1578080543.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1578080543.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":125,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50946824","https://openalex.org/W62045256","https://openalex.org/W120516359","https://openalex.org/W248222711","https://openalex.org/W790261528","https://openalex.org/W1007881049","https://openalex.org/W1520081999","https://openalex.org/W1533359238","https://openalex.org/W1541832535","https://openalex.org/W1549046555","https://openalex.org/W1566416788","https://openalex.org/W1579784726","https://openalex.org/W1583861593","https://openalex.org/W1596878461","https://openalex.org/W1601224513","https://openalex.org/W1601542428","https://openalex.org/W1808917207","https://openalex.org/W1923196065","https://openalex.org/W1964352664","https://openalex.org/W1969235931","https://openalex.org/W1972394291","https://openalex.org/W1972623522","https://openalex.org/W1978106230","https://openalex.org/W1979739707","https://openalex.org/W1981486496","https://openalex.org/W1984315961","https://openalex.org/W1985991037","https://openalex.org/W1987080892","https://openalex.org/W1988711947","https://openalex.org/W2004944131","https://openalex.org/W2010902161","https://openalex.org/W2010917844","https://openalex.org/W2011356989","https://openalex.org/W2016480925","https://openalex.org/W2017323883","https://openalex.org/W2017326699","https://openalex.org/W2017712926","https://openalex.org/W2018637414","https://openalex.org/W2026659641","https://openalex.org/W2028893766","https://openalex.org/W2037899218","https://openalex.org/W2044867961","https://openalex.org/W2046081874","https://openalex.org/W2046799951","https://openalex.org/W2050441990","https://openalex.org/W2050482467","https://openalex.org/W2055909669","https://openalex.org/W2062813292","https://openalex.org/W2065663861","https://openalex.org/W2067995327","https://openalex.org/W2071352950","https://openalex.org/W2078922813","https://openalex.org/W2085199140","https://openalex.org/W2089530081","https://openalex.org/W2095159200","https://openalex.org/W2096684396","https://openalex.org/W2097317693","https://openalex.org/W2098224682","https://openalex.org/W2102622434","https://openalex.org/W2103560484","https://openalex.org/W2105285476","https://openalex.org/W2105766726","https://openalex.org/W2106323156","https://openalex.org/W2106789212","https://openalex.org/W2108653415","https://openalex.org/W2109216372","https://openalex.org/W2110747087","https://openalex.org/W2113042691","https://openalex.org/W2114504287","https://openalex.org/W2117462698","https://openalex.org/W2120451426","https://openalex.org/W2122125930","https://openalex.org/W2122598469","https://openalex.org/W2123676639","https://openalex.org/W2128592628","https://openalex.org/W2128671787","https://openalex.org/W2128852049","https://openalex.org/W2134783879","https://openalex.org/W2138143879","https://openalex.org/W2139764169","https://openalex.org/W2145725926","https://openalex.org/W2149066259","https://openalex.org/W2149648772","https://openalex.org/W2149679391","https://openalex.org/W2151597544","https://openalex.org/W2153897994","https://openalex.org/W2155126456","https://openalex.org/W2160011819","https://openalex.org/W2160517279","https://openalex.org/W2163456390","https://openalex.org/W2166410235","https://openalex.org/W2166542483","https://openalex.org/W2169150938","https://openalex.org/W2169424638","https://openalex.org/W2169850710","https://openalex.org/W2216845277","https://openalex.org/W2234157407","https://openalex.org/W2275652704","https://openalex.org/W2307426725","https://openalex.org/W2313499625","https://openalex.org/W2318449798","https://openalex.org/W2346998273","https://openalex.org/W2514542987","https://openalex.org/W2561656783","https://openalex.org/W2566341332","https://openalex.org/W2569415778","https://openalex.org/W2890742347","https://openalex.org/W2916468633","https://openalex.org/W3023024409","https://openalex.org/W3121516895","https://openalex.org/W3121949043","https://openalex.org/W3121976020","https://openalex.org/W3122967851","https://openalex.org/W3123479886","https://openalex.org/W3123961934","https://openalex.org/W3124366560","https://openalex.org/W3124442040","https://openalex.org/W3125000673","https://openalex.org/W3125769378","https://openalex.org/W3125864288","https://openalex.org/W4205751901","https://openalex.org/W4244112747","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4297897894","https://openalex.org/W4298108237"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587422694","https://openalex.org/W7117550700","https://openalex.org/W1572512223","https://openalex.org/W1553326144","https://openalex.org/W7098115425","https://openalex.org/W3122295417","https://openalex.org/W7057151348","https://openalex.org/W7097735480","https://openalex.org/W4366496366","https://openalex.org/W2896051115"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}