{"id":"https://openalex.org/W15769231","doi":null,"title":"New therapeutic options for treating type-2 diabetes: a review of insulin analogs and premixed insulin analogs.","display_name":"New therapeutic options for treating type-2 diabetes: a review of insulin analogs and premixed insulin analogs.","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W15769231","mag":"15769231","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17444424","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2569656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:17444424","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17444424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2569656/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112637482","display_name":"Charles H. Choe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799886695","display_name":"Veterans Health Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/05eq41471","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1322918889","https://openalex.org/I2799886695"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Choe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Diego 92161, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Diego 92161, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799886695","https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036743289","display_name":"Steven V. Edelman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9332","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0760-9332"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Edelman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1638,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1526833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"99","issue":"4","first_page":"357","last_page":"60, 363"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.8192999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.8192999958992004,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.17759999632835388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-analogs","display_name":"insulin analogues","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premixed-insulin","display_name":"premixed insulin","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-therapy","display_name":"insulin therapy","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postprandial-blood-glucose","display_name":"postprandial blood glucose","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-delivery-systems","display_name":"insulin delivery devices","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basal-insulin","display_name":"basal insulin","score":0.6499999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-self-management","display_name":"diabetes self-management","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-targets","display_name":"glycemic targets","score":0.7239999771118164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780473172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5572518","display_name":"Glycemic","level":3,"score":0.8826705813407898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.8453128337860107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7895542979240417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778199505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2992990","display_name":"Postprandial","level":3,"score":0.6785451769828796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.6580755114555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.62862628698349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781232474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124407","display_name":"Type 1 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5325314998626709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.5262060761451721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994527087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin delivery","level":4,"score":0.5199676752090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909524832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Basal insulin","level":4,"score":0.4438473582267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776217022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1100933","display_name":"Diabetes management","level":4,"score":0.4174254536628723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776664568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q742283","display_name":"Insulin analog","level":4,"score":0.4119083285331726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.23311525583267212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.17119568586349487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019948211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Human insulin","level":3,"score":0.1500731110572815}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001786","descriptor_name":"Blood Glucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000031","qualifier_name":"analogs & derivatives","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007328","descriptor_name":"Insulin","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017186","descriptor_name":"Titrimetry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:17444424","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17444424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2569656","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2569656/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:15769231","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17444424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2569656","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2569656/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9940000176429749,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W82581014","https://openalex.org/W181267088","https://openalex.org/W1555860740","https://openalex.org/W1964058889","https://openalex.org/W1966494009","https://openalex.org/W1970710636","https://openalex.org/W1971011905","https://openalex.org/W1975543393","https://openalex.org/W1987028155","https://openalex.org/W1987528268","https://openalex.org/W1997438780","https://openalex.org/W2000376961","https://openalex.org/W2010788192","https://openalex.org/W2013339698","https://openalex.org/W2015546180","https://openalex.org/W2018769689","https://openalex.org/W2020267609","https://openalex.org/W2022119612","https://openalex.org/W2025183856","https://openalex.org/W2045366663","https://openalex.org/W2055908669","https://openalex.org/W2062989658","https://openalex.org/W2065690835","https://openalex.org/W2079335866","https://openalex.org/W2101812366","https://openalex.org/W2106603497","https://openalex.org/W2108769987","https://openalex.org/W2110846461","https://openalex.org/W2113322194","https://openalex.org/W2114369760","https://openalex.org/W2115951150","https://openalex.org/W2119954342","https://openalex.org/W2126781806","https://openalex.org/W2129512027","https://openalex.org/W2134664501","https://openalex.org/W2136164787","https://openalex.org/W2144384987","https://openalex.org/W2148213185","https://openalex.org/W2148717983","https://openalex.org/W2149194615","https://openalex.org/W2152266465","https://openalex.org/W2158144637","https://openalex.org/W2160940542","https://openalex.org/W2161086857","https://openalex.org/W2164733897","https://openalex.org/W2165698647","https://openalex.org/W2172082596","https://openalex.org/W2301963636","https://openalex.org/W4292110357"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035913673","https://openalex.org/W2402579387","https://openalex.org/W2078782939","https://openalex.org/W1965681624","https://openalex.org/W1550036785","https://openalex.org/W1496632667","https://openalex.org/W2072585011","https://openalex.org/W7095734644","https://openalex.org/W2136381257","https://openalex.org/W2460098073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,126],"growing":[3,24],"consensus":[4],"that":[5,36,43,166],"blood":[6],"glucose":[7],"control,":[8],"and":[9,29,42,62,88,101,117,140,180],"postprandial":[10],"control":[11],"in":[12,66],"particular,":[13],"must":[14,39,45],"become":[15,135],"more":[16,167],"aggressive":[17],"if":[18],"we":[19],"are":[20,105],"to":[21,49,129,150,156,172],"stem":[22],"the":[23,73,82,119,157],"tide":[25],"of":[26,56,75,85,113,121,159],"diabetes-related":[27],"complications":[28],"mortality.":[30],"For":[31],"most":[32],"patients,":[33],"this":[34],"means":[35],"insulin":[37,44,64,86,95,124,131],"therapy":[38,87],"begin":[40],"earlier":[41],"be":[46,148,165,170],"titrated":[47],"sufficiently":[48],"achieve":[50],"tighter":[51],"glycemic":[52,91,175],"targets.":[53,92],"The":[54,162],"limitations":[55],"traditional":[57],"treatment":[58,99],"regimens,":[59,100],"delivery":[60,103],"devices":[61,104],"conventional":[63],"formulations,":[65,97],"conjunction":[67],"with":[68,77,137,177],"patient":[69],"factors,":[70],"have":[71],"prevented":[72],"majority":[74],"people":[76],"type-2":[78],"diabetes":[79,153],"from":[80],"realizing":[81],"potential":[83],"benefits":[84,120],"achieving":[89],"recommended":[90,174],"Fortunately,":[93],"modern":[94],"analog":[96],"new":[98,115],"advanced":[102],"now":[106],"available.":[107,186],"This":[108],"review":[109],"will":[110,147,164],"discuss":[111],"features":[112],"these":[114,138],"tools,":[116],"compare":[118],"using":[122],"premixed":[123],"versus":[125],"basal-only":[127],"approach":[128],"initiating":[130],"therapy.":[132],"Once":[133],"physicians":[134],"familiar":[136],"tools":[139],"incorporate":[141],"them":[142],"into":[143],"daily":[144],"practice,":[145],"they":[146],"able":[149,171],"better":[151],"tailor":[152],"self-management":[154],"programs":[155],"needs":[158],"individual":[160],"patients.":[161],"result":[163],"patients":[168],"should":[169],"reach":[173],"targets":[176],"greater":[178],"convenience":[179],"safety":[181],"than":[182],"has":[183],"previously":[184],"been":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
