{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1576394496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03094227.1991.9638393","title":"MINERAL FILLERS IN PAPER","display_name":"MINERAL FILLERS IN PAPER","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1576394496","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03094227.1991.9638393","mag":"1576394496"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03094227.1991.9638393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03094227.1991.9638393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03094227.1991.9638393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198292","display_name":"The Paper Conservator","issn_l":"0309-4227","issn":["0309-4227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Paper Conservator","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034717438","display_name":"Ken Beazley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ken Beazley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Department, English China Clays International, St. Austell, Cornwall, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Department, English China Clays International, St. Austell, Cornwall, England","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034717438"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6341,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92867816,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"1","first_page":"17","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.9839000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12971","display_name":"Material Properties and Processing","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11643","display_name":"Building materials and conservation","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1904","display_name":"Earth-Surface Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-fillers","display_name":"mineral fillers","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paper-fillers","display_name":"paper fillers","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kaolin","display_name":"kaolin","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-carbonate","display_name":"calcium carbonate","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precipitated-calcium-carbonate","display_name":"precipitated calcium carbonate","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/talc","display_name":"talc","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titanium-dioxide","display_name":"titanium dioxide","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/barium-sulfate","display_name":"barium sulfate","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diatomite","display_name":"diatomite","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrated-alumina","display_name":"hydrated alumina","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paper-permanence","display_name":"paper permanence","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elemental-analysis","display_name":"elemental analysis","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/paper-conservation","display_name":"paper conservation","score":0.3709999918937683}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779979586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134583","display_name":"Talc","level":2,"score":0.6855735778808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778039128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23767","display_name":"Calcium carbonate","level":2,"score":0.6772949695587158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778223994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905592","display_name":"Filler (materials)","level":2,"score":0.5727885961532593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.5386787056922913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776432453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7946","display_name":"Mineral","level":2,"score":0.5278275609016418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5239448547363281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33619061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655346","display_name":"Atomic absorption spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.46967703104019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780181037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371542","display_name":"Dolomite","level":2,"score":0.4599136412143707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.4542276859283447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542576722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112","display_name":"Barium","level":2,"score":0.45318999886512756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780659211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181699","display_name":"Carbonate","level":2,"score":0.41988417506217957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777593239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193521","display_name":"Titanium dioxide","level":2,"score":0.4173371195793152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3700046241283417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3365808129310608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.22015100717544556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03094227.1991.9638393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03094227.1991.9638393","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03094227.1991.9638393","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210198292","display_name":"The Paper Conservator","issn_l":"0309-4227","issn":["0309-4227"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Paper Conservator","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503758395","https://openalex.org/W1523914255","https://openalex.org/W1552860341","https://openalex.org/W1562759821","https://openalex.org/W1598046023","https://openalex.org/W1821151640","https://openalex.org/W1970156265","https://openalex.org/W2011934895","https://openalex.org/W2029941909","https://openalex.org/W2054620348","https://openalex.org/W2101874561","https://openalex.org/W2131924393","https://openalex.org/W2303313294","https://openalex.org/W2319965893","https://openalex.org/W2561226967","https://openalex.org/W2799196682","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6636176869"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414062623","https://openalex.org/W4241090770","https://openalex.org/W2361095967","https://openalex.org/W1992729364","https://openalex.org/W2898990863","https://openalex.org/W2040930180","https://openalex.org/W4252178341","https://openalex.org/W1560099359","https://openalex.org/W2594840692","https://openalex.org/W4255752166"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"The":[1,148,157],"paper":[2,28,88],"is":[3,103],"divided":[4],"into":[5],"two":[6],"parts.":[7],"In":[8],"Part":[9,101],"1,":[10],"after":[11],"a":[12],"brief":[13],"historical":[14],"introduction":[15],"the":[16,25,33,94,106,115],"advantages":[17],"and":[18,38,51,72,81,93,121,144,153,164],"disadvantages":[19],"of":[20,27,32,36,42,96,108,117,123,132,159],"using":[21],"mineral":[22],"fillers":[23,74,97,109],"in":[24,110,136],"manufacture":[26],"are":[29,56,90,134,155,167],"summarised.":[30],"Details":[31],"origin,":[34],"methods":[35,122],"production":[37],"basic":[39],"physical":[40],"properties":[41],"kaolin,":[43],"natural":[44],"calcium":[45,48,64],"carbonate,":[46,49],"precipitated":[47,82],"talc":[50],"titanium":[52],"dioxide":[53],"follow.":[54],"These":[55,126],"supplemented":[57],"by":[58],"more":[59],"limited":[60],"information":[61],"on":[62,98],"dolomite,":[63],"sulphate,":[65],"calcined":[66],"clay,":[67],"satin":[68],"white,":[69],"barium":[70],"sulphate":[71],"ultrafine":[73],"such":[75],"as":[76],"hydrated":[77],"alumina,":[78],"diatomaceous":[79],"earth":[80],"sodium":[83],"aluminium":[84],"silicate.":[85],"Factors":[86],"determining":[87],"permanence":[89,99],"then":[91],"discussed,":[92],"influence":[95],"considered.":[100],"2":[102],"concerned":[104],"with":[105,114],"identification":[107],"paper.":[111],"It":[112],"deals":[113],"separation":[116],"filler":[118],"from":[119],"fibre":[120],"elemental":[124,151],"analyses.":[125],"include":[127],"wet":[128],"chemical":[129],"techniques,":[130],"details":[131],"which":[133],"supplied":[135],"an":[137],"appendix,":[138],"x-ray":[139],"fluorescence,":[140],"classical":[141],"optical":[142,160],"spectroscopy":[143],"atomic":[145],"absorption":[146],"spectrophotometry.":[147],"relations":[149],"between":[150],"composition":[152],"mineralogy":[154],"indicated.":[156],"techniques":[158],"microscopy,":[161],"electron":[162],"microscopy":[163],"X-ray":[165],"diffraction":[166],"also":[168],"included.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}