{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1576016481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17465260610640895","title":"Converging human resource management","display_name":"Converging human resource management","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1576016481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17465260610640895","mag":"1576016481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/17465260610640895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17465260610640895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17465260610640895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153849593","display_name":"Baltic Journal of Management","issn_l":"1746-5265","issn":["1746-5265","1746-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Baltic Journal of Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062107127","display_name":"Sinikka Vanhala","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sinikka Vanhala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Helsinki School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Helsinki School of Economics, Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080249599","display_name":"T\u00f5nu Kaarelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153821248","display_name":"Estonian Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04e67ap71","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153821248"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T\u00f5nu Kaarelson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Estonian Business School, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Business School, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153821248"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048987854","display_name":"Ruth Alas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9376-2076","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9376-2076"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153821248","display_name":"Estonian Business School","ror":"https://ror.org/04e67ap71","country_code":"EE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153821248"]}],"countries":["EE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruth Alas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Estonian Business School, Tallinn, Estonia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Estonian Business School, Tallinn, Estonia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153821248"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8502,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92383901,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":"82","last_page":"101"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14031","display_name":"Global and Cross-Cultural Management","score":0.9452999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12843","display_name":"Human Resource and Talent Management","score":0.049800001084804535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12815","display_name":"Management and Organizational Practices","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management","display_name":"human resource management","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-resource-management-practices","display_name":"human resource management practices","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personnel-policy","display_name":"personnel policy","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hr-strategy","display_name":"HR strategy","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equality-and-diversity-policy","display_name":"equality and diversity policy","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-human-resource-management","display_name":"public sector human resource management","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estonia","display_name":"Estonia","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finland","display_name":"Finland","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nordic-countries","display_name":"Nordic countries","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eu-15-countries","display_name":"EU-15 countries","score":0.8040000200271606}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776092919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9072","display_name":"Estonian","level":2,"score":0.932616114616394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202372285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056396","display_name":"Human resource management","level":2,"score":0.7118791937828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6710022687911987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5671119689941406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5615825653076172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.550137460231781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107645774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5467169","display_name":"Human resources","level":2,"score":0.5327810049057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.49907493591308594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4880775213241577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120936955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2155640","display_name":"Empirical research","level":2,"score":0.4482552707195282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.42367786169052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4027985632419586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148383697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1781695","display_name":"Regional science","level":1,"score":0.3854745030403137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2977556586265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.2472304105758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.22573697566986084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17320024967193604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/17465260610640895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17465260610640895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/17465260610640895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S153849593","display_name":"Baltic Journal of Management","issn_l":"1746-5265","issn":["1746-5265","1746-5273"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Baltic Journal of Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7257999777793884,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204053465","https://openalex.org/W629288004","https://openalex.org/W936854929","https://openalex.org/W1012583598","https://openalex.org/W1253826529","https://openalex.org/W1494843172","https://openalex.org/W1537754244","https://openalex.org/W1566343781","https://openalex.org/W1967775834","https://openalex.org/W1975011314","https://openalex.org/W1981724520","https://openalex.org/W1984574433","https://openalex.org/W1984886394","https://openalex.org/W1984964262","https://openalex.org/W1993663609","https://openalex.org/W1994113091","https://openalex.org/W2015941952","https://openalex.org/W2018944729","https://openalex.org/W2019481304","https://openalex.org/W2028889585","https://openalex.org/W2030208016","https://openalex.org/W2039247928","https://openalex.org/W2041119350","https://openalex.org/W2052529701","https://openalex.org/W2063407612","https://openalex.org/W2063960694","https://openalex.org/W2067029078","https://openalex.org/W2069356370","https://openalex.org/W2073933391","https://openalex.org/W2079257246","https://openalex.org/W2099616078","https://openalex.org/W2101604577","https://openalex.org/W2110162191","https://openalex.org/W2111778652","https://openalex.org/W2118789645","https://openalex.org/W2121848940","https://openalex.org/W2132912892","https://openalex.org/W2155858209","https://openalex.org/W2156926699","https://openalex.org/W2165663738","https://openalex.org/W2169962981","https://openalex.org/W2175860213","https://openalex.org/W2316966198","https://openalex.org/W2331107716","https://openalex.org/W2406080396","https://openalex.org/W2806930801","https://openalex.org/W3123282572","https://openalex.org/W3124423022","https://openalex.org/W7038301466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W629288004","https://openalex.org/W2325261048","https://openalex.org/W4255964927","https://openalex.org/W2411236941","https://openalex.org/W1566343781","https://openalex.org/W204053465","https://openalex.org/W2031287592","https://openalex.org/W3188456188","https://openalex.org/W2182998961","https://openalex.org/W2906870218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"The":[1,23,58,94,106,116,191,251],"purpose":[2],"of":[3,49,62,118,133,194,254],"this":[4],"paper":[5,24,256],"is":[6,60,161,197,257],"to":[7,14,84,199,216,233,237,245,259,262],"participate":[8],"in":[9,17,31,46,51,120,131,156,185,220,247,266],"the":[10,15,26,43,47,52,102,172,177,186,195,221,255,260,263],"convergence\u2010divergence":[11,222],"debate":[12,265],"related":[13,198,258],"trends":[16,219],"European":[18,187],"human":[19],"resource":[20],"management":[21],"(HRM).":[22],"evaluates":[25],"converging":[27,163],"vs":[28],"diverging":[29],"implications":[30,225],"Estonia":[32,121,180],"and":[33,40,54,87,101,111,122,150,168,212,228],"Finland":[34,123],"by":[35,79],"comparing":[36],"HR":[37,157],"strategies,":[38],"policies":[39],"practices":[41],"between":[42,166],"two":[44],"countries":[45],"context":[48],"HRM":[50,67,119,142,174,246],"Nordic":[53],"EU\u201015":[55,178],"countries.":[56,74],"Design/methodology/approach":[57],"research":[59,204],"part":[61],"a":[63,80,125,162],"large":[64,85],"international":[65],"comparative":[66],"project":[68],"(CRANET),":[69],"which":[70],"covers":[71],"over":[72,91],"30":[73],"Empirical":[75],"data":[76,97,104,107,206],"were":[77],"collected":[78],"survey":[81,96,200],"questionnaire":[82],"mailed":[83],"private":[86,109],"public":[88,112,229,248],"organisations":[89,100,230],"employing":[90],"200":[92],"employees.":[93],"Estonian":[95,167,173,226],"involve":[98],"69":[99],"Finnish":[103,169],"269.":[105],"cover":[108],"companies":[110,227],"sector":[113],"organisations.":[114,249],"Findings":[115],"comparison":[117],"revealed":[124],"few":[126],"interesting":[127],"empirical":[128],"observations:":[129],"First,":[130],"spite":[132],"Estonia's":[134],"short":[135],"history":[136],"as":[137,153,155,207,209],"an":[138],"independent":[139],"Baltic":[140],"state,":[141],"has":[143],"stabilised":[144],"its":[145],"position":[146],"at":[147],"both":[148],"strategic":[149],"policy":[151],"level's":[152],"well":[154,208],"practices.":[158],"Second,":[159],"there":[160],"(directional)":[164],"trend":[165],"HRM.":[170,188,267],"Third,":[171],"matches":[175],"with":[176],"HRM;":[179],"does":[181],"not":[182],"increase":[183],"diversity":[184],"Research":[189],"limitations/implications":[190],"main":[192,252],"limitation":[193],"study":[196],"methodology.":[201],"In":[202],"further":[203],"longitudinal":[205],"case":[210],"studies":[211],"triangulation":[213],"are":[214],"needed":[215],"open":[217],"country\u2010level":[218],"debate.":[223],"Practical":[224],"might":[231],"need":[232],"pay":[234],"more":[235],"attention":[236,241],"equality/diversity":[238],"policy.":[239],"Special":[240],"should":[242],"be":[243],"paid":[244],"Originality/value":[250],"value":[253],"contribution":[261],"convergence":[264]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}