{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1575740988","doi":null,"title":"Psychological consequences of rape on women in 1991-1995 war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.","display_name":"Psychological consequences of rape on women in 1991-1995 war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1575740988","mag":"1575740988","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16489699","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2080379"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2080379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2080379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Croat Med J","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2080379","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077747780","display_name":"Mladen Lon\u010dar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mladen Loncar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Center for Human Rights, Zagreb, Croatia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Center for Human Rights, Zagreb, Croatia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036655367","display_name":"Vesna Medved","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vesna Medved","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012470447","display_name":"Nikolina Jovanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-9837","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7554-9837"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolina Jovanovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111388798","display_name":"Ljubomir Hotujac","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ljubomir Hotujac","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2301,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97824521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"47","issue":"1","first_page":"67","last_page":"75"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11863","display_name":"Gender, Security, and Conflict","score":0.8931000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11863","display_name":"Gender, Security, and Conflict","score":0.8931000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.04619999974966049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.014299999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wartime-rape","display_name":"wartime rape","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-violence-against-women","display_name":"sexual violence against women","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-impact","display_name":"psychological impact","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/posttraumatic-stress-disorder","display_name":"post-traumatic stress disorder","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-anxiety-disorder","display_name":"social anxiety disorder","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-dysfunction","display_name":"sexual dysfunction","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicidal-ideation","display_name":"suicidal ideation","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pregnancy-after-rape","display_name":"pregnancy after rape","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war-crimes","display_name":"war crimes","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bosnian-war","display_name":"Bosnian War","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/croatian-war-of-independence","display_name":"Croatian War of Independence","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comorbidity","display_name":"comorbidities","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.6759727001190186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83559648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6654","display_name":"Croatian","level":2,"score":0.5856392979621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544040105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132781","display_name":"Torture","level":3,"score":0.5377979278564453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.49668556451797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.47429779171943665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.4405689239501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.4257763624191284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.39158907532691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37991878390312195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.24146181344985962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.13874736428260803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001523","descriptor_name":"Mental Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011902","descriptor_name":"Rape","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013313","descriptor_name":"Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014857","descriptor_name":"Warfare","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017522","descriptor_name":"Bosnia and Herzegovina","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017523","descriptor_name":"Croatia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2080379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2080379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Croat Med J","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:16489699","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16489699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Croatian medical journal","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hrcak.srce.hr:1860","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hrcak.srce.hr/1860","pdf_url":"http://hrcak.srce.hr/1860","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400071","display_name":"University of Zagreb University Computing Centre (SRCE)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181343428","host_organization_name":"University of Zagreb","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181343428"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Croatian medical journal","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:1575740988","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16489699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2080379","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2080379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Croat Med J","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729},{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8810999989509583},{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.7307999730110168}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1575740988.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1575740988.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1814435937","https://openalex.org/W1903269163","https://openalex.org/W1974028421","https://openalex.org/W1999512760","https://openalex.org/W2014082589","https://openalex.org/W2041108689","https://openalex.org/W2068100021","https://openalex.org/W2079383973","https://openalex.org/W2087672756","https://openalex.org/W2090003224","https://openalex.org/W2114214919","https://openalex.org/W2120046434","https://openalex.org/W2121351650","https://openalex.org/W2130555686","https://openalex.org/W2154080353","https://openalex.org/W2159600605","https://openalex.org/W2184449669","https://openalex.org/W2744793160","https://openalex.org/W2751681433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2268921204","https://openalex.org/W1978648499","https://openalex.org/W2792508517","https://openalex.org/W2090003224","https://openalex.org/W2147525279","https://openalex.org/W1497997567","https://openalex.org/W2086233300","https://openalex.org/W1171074010","https://openalex.org/W7061722869","https://openalex.org/W4311180771"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIM:":[0],"To":[1],"explore":[2],"the":[3,17,39,61,74,77,82,97,103,156,172,184,194,201,204,276],"short-":[4],"and":[5,22,24,35,53,65,72,108,120,127,129,147,187,222,257,272,284,287],"long-term":[6,273],"psychological":[7,167],"consequences":[8,274],"of":[9,14,33,63,76,99,106,111,125,132,155,178,193,206,233,279,282],"rape":[10,15,34,71,173],"on":[11,275],"women":[12,31,67,117,195,235,280],"victims":[13,32,281],"during":[16,144],"1992-1995":[18],"war":[19],"against":[20],"Croatia":[21,126],"Bosnia":[23,128],"Herzegovina.":[25,130],"METHODS:":[26],"The":[27,115,164,245],"study":[28,207],"included":[29],"68":[30],"was":[36,251],"conducted":[37,88],"at":[38,73,96,203],"Medical":[40],"Center":[41],"for":[42],"Human":[43],"Rights,":[44],"Zagreb,":[45],"Croatia,":[46],"from":[47,210,213,217],"1992":[48],"to":[49,58,89,102,151,247],"1995.":[50],"Testimony":[51],"method":[52],"a":[54,197],"questionnaire":[55],"were":[56,87,94,118,134,140,149,159,174,229],"used":[57],"retrospectively":[59],"obtain":[60],"description":[62],"rapes":[64,157,268,283],"symptoms":[66,168],"suffered":[68,209],"immediately":[69,170],"after":[70,81,171,239],"time":[75,98,205],"study,":[78,100],"ie,":[79],"11.9-/+2.4":[80],"trauma.":[83],"Structured":[84],"clinical":[85],"interviews":[86],"diagnose":[90],"psychiatric":[91,198],"disorders":[92,228],"that":[93],"present":[95],"according":[101],"third":[104],"edition":[105],"Diagnostic":[107],"Statistical":[109],"Manual":[110],"Mental":[112],"Disorders.":[113],"RESULTS:":[114],"raped":[116,135,141],"Croatian":[119],"Muslim":[121],"(Bosniak)":[122],"women,":[123],"residents":[124],"Forty-four":[131],"them":[133],"more":[136],"than":[137],"once,":[138],"21":[139,216],"every":[142],"day":[143],"their":[145,285],"captivity,":[146],"18":[148],"forced":[150],"witness":[152],"rapes.":[153],"Most":[154],"(n=65)":[158],"accompanied":[160],"by":[161,254],"physical":[162],"torture.":[163],"most":[165],"frequent":[166],"felt":[169],"depressiveness":[175],"(n=58),":[176],"avoidance":[177],"thoughts":[179,256],"or":[180],"conversations":[181],"associated":[182],"with":[183],"trauma":[185],"(n=40),":[186],"suicidal":[188,255],"ideas":[189],"(n=25).":[190],"Although":[191],"none":[192],"had":[196,224,242,269],"history":[199],"before":[200],"rape,":[202,240],"52":[208],"depression,":[211],"51":[212],"social":[214,286],"phobia,":[215],"posttraumatic":[218],"stress":[219],"disorder":[220],"(PTSD),":[221],"17":[223,241],"sexual":[225],"dysfunctions.":[226],"These":[227],"often":[230],"comorbid.":[231],"Out":[232],"29":[234],"who":[236],"got":[237],"pregnant":[238],"artificial":[243],"abortion.":[244],"decision":[246],"have":[248],"an":[249],"abortion":[250],"strongly":[252],"predicted":[253],"impulses":[258],"(odds":[259],"ratio,":[260],"25.8;":[261],"95%":[262],"confidence":[263],"interval,":[264],"2.53-263.2).":[265],"CONCLUSION:":[266],"War-time":[267],"deep":[270],"immediate":[271],"mental":[277],"health":[278],"interpersonal":[288],"functioning.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}