{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1575192576","doi":null,"title":"Are the Basques a single and a unique population?","display_name":"Are the Basques a single and a unique population?","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1575192576","mag":"1575192576","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1867201","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1683283"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:386715","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1683283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1683283","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079222334","display_name":"Ana Isabel Aguirre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-443X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5624-443X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Aguirre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Animal Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Animal Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences, University of the Basque Country, Bilbao, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034098328","display_name":"A. Vicario","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Vicario","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024934003","display_name":"Luis Ignacio Maz\u00f3n","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L I Maz\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111830320","display_name":"A. Estomba","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Estomba","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009694472","display_name":"Marian M. de Pancorbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-0702","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8081-0702"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Mart\u00ednez de Pancorbo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027952373","display_name":"V Arrieta Pic\u00f3","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Arrieta Pic\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009425027","display_name":"Francisco Jos\u00e9 P\u00e9rez Elortondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-4883","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5207-4883"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Perez Elortondo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054479812","display_name":"Carlos M. Lostao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C M Lostao","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9803,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71708305,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"2","first_page":"450","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10751","display_name":"Forensic and Genetic Research","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10012","display_name":"Genetic diversity and population structure","score":0.053599998354911804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14489","display_name":"Basque language and culture studies","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basque-population","display_name":"Basque population","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-heterogeneity","display_name":"genetic heterogeneity","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-structure","display_name":"population structure","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-polymorphism","display_name":"genetic polymorphism","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acp","display_name":"ACP","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ada","display_name":"Ada","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actinic-keratosis","display_name":"actinic keratosis","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/esd","display_name":"ESD","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preimplantation-genetic-diagnosis","display_name":"preimplantation genetic diagnosis","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gc","display_name":"GC","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hp","display_name":"HP","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allele-frequency","display_name":"allele frequency","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geographical-isolation","display_name":"geographic isolation","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bizkaia","display_name":"Vizcaya","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caucasoid-population","display_name":"Caucasoid population","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-distance","display_name":"genetic distance","score":0.37599998712539673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.588188886642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64618202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3733697","display_name":"Genetic heterogeneity","level":4,"score":0.537401556968689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5244936347007751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85721925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31151","display_name":"Population genetics","level":3,"score":0.47921615839004517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138592617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q748695","display_name":"Genetic distance","level":4,"score":0.47832274436950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.47588813304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116190364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167918","display_name":"Grandparent","level":2,"score":0.46880418062210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.44368258118629456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23085057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532877","display_name":"Genetic analysis","level":3,"score":0.4417242705821991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75069973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q913584","display_name":"Genetic genealogy","level":3,"score":0.41325193643569946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4007219076156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3655015826225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.29625943303108215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1544884741306305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.053514569997787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003710","descriptor_name":"Demography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005787","descriptor_name":"Gene Frequency","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007527","descriptor_name":"Isoenzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007527","descriptor_name":"Isoenzymes","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013030","descriptor_name":"Spain","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:386715","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1683283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:1867201","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1867201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of human genetics","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"mag:1575192576","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1867201","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:386715","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC1683283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124549274","https://openalex.org/W318585797","https://openalex.org/W1971679565","https://openalex.org/W1992600573","https://openalex.org/W1994236217","https://openalex.org/W1995773373","https://openalex.org/W2008443401","https://openalex.org/W2035390813","https://openalex.org/W2044595820","https://openalex.org/W2048210605","https://openalex.org/W2070301487","https://openalex.org/W2076426710","https://openalex.org/W2079574136","https://openalex.org/W2083694388","https://openalex.org/W2091031109","https://openalex.org/W2103286878","https://openalex.org/W2138058939","https://openalex.org/W2292385629","https://openalex.org/W2406635587","https://openalex.org/W2460649667","https://openalex.org/W2885113838","https://openalex.org/W4301661121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102743726","https://openalex.org/W7063973316","https://openalex.org/W2003341907","https://openalex.org/W2119095435","https://openalex.org/W50633287","https://openalex.org/W3137599903","https://openalex.org/W1518167034","https://openalex.org/W1999421798","https://openalex.org/W2024314547","https://openalex.org/W2030076332"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Different":[0],"analyses":[1],"of":[2,15,21,34,38,55,66,78,81,88,105,110,134,137,151],"genetic":[3,23,36,99,142,153],"polymorphisms":[4],"performed":[5,118],"on":[6,75],"the":[7,16,35,53,64,76,79,89,120,132,135,149],"Basque":[8],"population":[9],"have":[10,139],"suggested":[11],"a":[12,19,97],"possible":[13],"heterogeneity":[14,87],"Basques":[17],"and":[18,47,73,107,124,126,147],"singularity":[20],"their":[22,82,152],"characteristics.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"paper,":[27],"both":[28],"aspects":[29],"are":[30],"analyzed":[31],"by":[32,103],"means":[33],"study":[37],"seven":[39],"polymorphic":[40],"systems--ACP,":[41],"ADA,":[42],"AK,":[43],"ESD,":[44],"PGD,":[45],"GC,":[46],"HP--in":[48],"854":[49],"autochthonous":[50],"individuals":[51,58],"from":[52,63,157],"province":[54,136],"Vizcaya.":[56],"The":[57,113],"were":[59],"classified":[60],"as":[61],"being":[62],"regions":[65],"Arratia,":[67],"Guernica,":[68],"Durango,":[69],"Uribe,":[70],"Marquina,":[71],"Lea,":[72],"Bilbao,":[74],"basis":[77],"birthplaces":[80],"four":[83],"grandparents.":[84],"Analyses":[85],"for":[86],"gene":[90],"frequencies":[91,154],"distribution":[92,150],"suggest":[93],"that":[94,131,148],"there":[95],"is":[96],"moderate":[98],"heterogeneity,":[100],"probably":[101],"produced":[102],"centuries":[104],"geographical":[106],"administrative":[108],"isolation":[109],"these":[111],"regions.":[112],"comparison":[114],"with":[115,144],"caucasoid":[116],"populations,":[117],"using":[119],"principal":[121],"components":[122],"analysis":[123],"Cavalli-Sforza":[125],"Edwards":[127],"arc":[128],"distance,":[129],"indicates":[130],"subpopulations":[133],"Vizcaya":[138],"experienced":[140],"little":[141],"exchange":[143],"other":[145,158],"caucasoids":[146],"differentiates":[155],"them":[156],"populations.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
