{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1574969786","doi":null,"title":"Financing of Media Firms: Does Competition Matter?","display_name":"Financing of Media Firms: Does Competition Matter?","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1574969786","mag":"1574969786"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hhs:osloec:2005_001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sv.uio.no/econ/english/research/unpublished-works/working-papers/pdf-files/2005/Memo-01-2005.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.sv.uio.no/econ/english/research/unpublished-works/working-papers/pdf-files/2005/Memo-01-2005.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/62986","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036993572","display_name":"Hans Jarle Kind","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-2656","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-2656"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I931913249","display_name":"Norwegian School of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04v53s997","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I931913249"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hans Jarle Kind","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian School of Economics#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7056-2656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian School of Economics#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I931913249"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073591799","display_name":"Tore Nilssen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-3855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-3855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tore Nilssen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2632-3855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062337019","display_name":"Lars S\u00f8rgard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1106-3418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1106-3418"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars S\u00f8rgard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.7890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.7890999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.10379999876022339,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.02590000070631504,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"advertising","score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subscription-revenue","display_name":"subscription revenue","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-sided-markets","display_name":"two-sided markets","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-platforms","display_name":"media platforms","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-substitutability","display_name":"product substitutability","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-monopoly","display_name":"media monopoly","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.8076072335243225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781127519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43637","display_name":"Monopoly","level":2,"score":0.7489539980888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7231855392456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.6104985475540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5815908908843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018006300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4402708","display_name":"Consumer demand","level":2,"score":0.4327377378940582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.40506166219711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.34502124786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3322657644748688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.256093829870224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.2299502193927765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.16930311918258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:hhs:osloec:2005_001","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sv.uio.no/econ/english/research/unpublished-works/working-papers/pdf-files/2005/Memo-01-2005.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.sv.uio.no/econ/english/research/unpublished-works/working-papers/pdf-files/2005/Memo-01-2005.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:kud:kuieci:2005-08","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.econ.ku.dk/cie/dp/dp_2003-2006/2005-08.pdf/","pdf_url":"http://www.econ.ku.dk/cie/dp/dp_2003-2006/2005-08.pdf/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/62986","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/62986","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/62986","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.nhh.no:11250/162746","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/162746","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/162746","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.nhh.no:11250/165414","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/165414","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11250/165414","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064446","display_name":"NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.501.1405","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.501.1405","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://mit.econ.au.dk/vip_htm/povergaard/pbohome/Workshop_Oct_2005_files/Nilssen_Financing_Of_Media_Firms.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.535.2303","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.535.2303","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://idei.fr/doc/conf/rmm/nilssen.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1574969786","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://idei.fr/sites/default/files/medias/doc/conf/rmm/nilssen.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3141160408","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/hhs/osloec/2005_001.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S121219670","display_name":"Memorandum (Institute of Pacific Relations American Council)","issn_l":"1536-0385","issn":["1536-0385","2328-9872"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315693","host_organization_name":"University of California Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315693"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of California Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Memorandum (Institute of Pacific Relations American Council)","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/62986","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/62986","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/62986","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1574969786.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1574969786.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516051863","https://openalex.org/W1550136613","https://openalex.org/W1560334462","https://openalex.org/W1563686546","https://openalex.org/W1574928279","https://openalex.org/W1735441617","https://openalex.org/W1963922846","https://openalex.org/W1967457938","https://openalex.org/W1985118659","https://openalex.org/W2000791320","https://openalex.org/W2013076460","https://openalex.org/W2022089531","https://openalex.org/W2090625184","https://openalex.org/W2107619343","https://openalex.org/W2126179901","https://openalex.org/W2141629583","https://openalex.org/W2143977318","https://openalex.org/W2145288199","https://openalex.org/W2163185273","https://openalex.org/W2169544344","https://openalex.org/W2352841130","https://openalex.org/W3121267074","https://openalex.org/W3121793527","https://openalex.org/W3123321132","https://openalex.org/W3124246991","https://openalex.org/W3125495229"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099845879","https://openalex.org/W2140485798","https://openalex.org/W2381866664","https://openalex.org/W7095819629","https://openalex.org/W2134715916","https://openalex.org/W7099870781","https://openalex.org/W7099172697","https://openalex.org/W7100683274","https://openalex.org/W2282692057","https://openalex.org/W7097076665"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"This":[1,44],"paper":[2],"analyses":[3],"how":[4],"competition":[5,31,46],"between":[6,58],"media":[7,21,35,54,68],"firms":[8,36,55,69],"influences":[9],"the":[10,34,53,59,62,67,73,81],"way":[11],"they":[12,75,83,95],"are":[13,90],"financed.":[14],"In":[15],"a":[16,19,49,106],"setting":[17],"where":[18],"monopoly":[20],"firm":[22],"chooses":[23],"to":[24,37,97,105],"be":[25,38],"completely":[26],"financed":[27,39,100],"by":[28,40,101],"consumer":[29,78],"payments,":[30],"may":[32],"lead":[33],"advertising":[41],"as":[42,56],"well.":[43],"way,":[45],"endogenously":[47],"creates":[48],"two-sided":[50],"market,":[51],"with":[52],"platforms":[57],"audience":[60],"and":[61,80],"advertisers.":[63],"The":[64],"closer":[65],"substitutes":[66],"\u2019":[70],"products":[71,89],"are,":[72],"less":[74],"rely":[76],"on":[77],"payment":[79],"more":[82],"invest":[84],"in":[85,109],"programming.":[86],"If":[87],"their":[88],"sufficiently":[91],"close":[92],"substitutes,":[93],"then":[94],"commit":[96],"being":[98],"purely":[99],"advertising,":[102],"which":[103],"leads":[104],"downward":[107],"shift":[108],"programming":[110],"investments.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}