{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1574466243","doi":null,"title":"Efficacy and Safety of Clindamycin Phosphate 1.2% and Tretinoin 0.025% Gel for the Treatment of Acne and Acne-induced Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Patients with Skin of Color.","display_name":"Efficacy and Safety of Clindamycin Phosphate 1.2% and Tretinoin 0.025% Gel for the Treatment of Acne and Acne-induced Post-inflammatory Hyperpigmentation in Patients with Skin of Color.","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1574466243","mag":"1574466243","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22798973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:22798973","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22798973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3396458","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055242180","display_name":"Valerie Dawn Callender","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-5270","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1297-5270"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valerie D Callender","raw_affiliation_strings":["Callender Center for Clinical Research, Glenn Dale, Maryland; Society Hill Dermatology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","Callender Center for Clinical Research, Glenn Dale, Maryland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Callender Center for Clinical Research, Glenn Dale, Maryland; Society Hill Dermatology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Callender Center for Clinical Research, Glenn Dale, Maryland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069709930","display_name":"Cherie M. Young","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cherie M Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Society Hill Dermatology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Society Hill Dermatology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082581954","display_name":"Chesahna Kindred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-3564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3192-3564"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chesahna Kindred","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080987151","display_name":"Susan C. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-723X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2698-723X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan C Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.28,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90897149,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"7","first_page":"25","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11553","display_name":"Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11553","display_name":"Acne and Rosacea Treatments and Effects","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11172","display_name":"Dermatologic Treatments and Research","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11144","display_name":"melanin and skin pigmentation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clindamycin-phosphate","display_name":"clindamycin phosphate","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/all-trans-retinoic-acid","display_name":"all-trans retinoic acid","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topical-gel","display_name":"topical gel","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acne-vulgaris","display_name":"acne","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-inflammatory-hyperpigmentation","display_name":"post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-of-color","display_name":"skin of color","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-acne","display_name":"facial acne","score":0.5540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/erythema","display_name":"erythema","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunscreen","display_name":"sunscreen","score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-events","display_name":"adverse events","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periorbital-edema","display_name":"periorbital edema","score":0.8009999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9111713171005249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777673923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79928","display_name":"Acne","level":2,"score":0.8012001514434814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.724306583404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779963572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29417","display_name":"Tretinoin","level":4,"score":0.6964859962463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778375690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7814214","display_name":"Tolerability","level":3,"score":0.6774548292160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777458120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422273","display_name":"Clindamycin","level":3,"score":0.6631284356117249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779121184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166142","display_name":"Erythema","level":2,"score":0.6443288922309875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.631537914276123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776728111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641068","display_name":"Hyperpigmentation","level":2,"score":0.6193532347679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Irritation","level":2,"score":0.46586349606513977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4354900121688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781156865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827023","display_name":"Lesion","level":2,"score":0.42015182971954346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.3119449019432068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.27800291776657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.17572614550590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.10154199600219727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425517","display_name":"Retinoic acid","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:22798973","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22798973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical and aesthetic dermatology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2400915","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3396458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3396458","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3396458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:1574466243","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22798973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3396458","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3396458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.75,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W33694657","https://openalex.org/W123105777","https://openalex.org/W127683594","https://openalex.org/W129015292","https://openalex.org/W155068864","https://openalex.org/W178818098","https://openalex.org/W1521708885","https://openalex.org/W1983052544","https://openalex.org/W2007582870","https://openalex.org/W2038641383","https://openalex.org/W2040519120","https://openalex.org/W2052125238","https://openalex.org/W2066260473","https://openalex.org/W2080150944","https://openalex.org/W2146011588","https://openalex.org/W2153364092","https://openalex.org/W2167817109","https://openalex.org/W2409150314","https://openalex.org/W2418990453"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W23299981","https://openalex.org/W2290498379","https://openalex.org/W2994206612","https://openalex.org/W2995472935","https://openalex.org/W2154465140","https://openalex.org/W2898698364","https://openalex.org/W2998391088","https://openalex.org/W33694657","https://openalex.org/W2160707796","https://openalex.org/W2080523870","https://openalex.org/W2008192281","https://openalex.org/W197307375","https://openalex.org/W2784296978","https://openalex.org/W2114562514","https://openalex.org/W2395605521","https://openalex.org/W2909164502","https://openalex.org/W2185253469","https://openalex.org/W2055507207","https://openalex.org/W2076557771","https://openalex.org/W2017524766"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"the":[3,18,102,155,223],"efficacy":[4,184],"and":[5,14,22,60,76,88,95,114,120,128,233,241],"safety":[6],"of":[7,20,47,208,225,252],"a":[8,71,77,93,129,239],"topical":[9,190,236],"gel":[10,69,191,237],"containing":[11],"clindamycin":[12,67,230],"1.2%":[13,232],"tretinoin":[15,234],"0.025%":[16,235],"for":[17,172,244],"treatment":[19],"acne":[21,247],"acne-induced":[23],"postinflammatory":[24],"hyperpigmentation":[25,89],"(PIH)":[26],"in":[27,85,144,164,248],"darker":[28],"skinned":[29],"patients.":[30],"DESIGN:":[31],"Randomized,":[32],"double-blind,":[33],"placebo-controlled":[34],"study.":[35],"SETTING:":[36],"Two":[37],"United":[38],"States":[39],"clinical":[40],"sites.":[41],"PARTICIPANTS:":[42],"Thirty-three":[43],"patients":[44,180,249],"12":[45,152],"years":[46],"age":[48],"or":[49,70,197],"older":[50],"with":[51,250],"skin":[52,86,251],"types":[53],"IV":[54],"to":[55,205,213],"VI,":[56],"mild-to-moderate":[57,246],"facial":[58],"acne,":[59],"PIH":[61],"were":[62,90,122],"enrolled.":[63],"MEASUREMENTS:":[64],"Patients":[65],"applied":[66],"phosphate/tretinoin":[68],"nonmedicated":[72],"vehicle":[73],"each":[74],"evening":[75],"sun":[78],"protection":[79],"factor":[80],"30":[81],"sunscreen":[82],"daily.":[83],"Changes":[84],"erythema":[87],"measured":[91],"using":[92,101],"chromameter":[94],"photographic":[96],"images.":[97],"Efficacy":[98],"was":[99,141,161,192],"assessed":[100,123],"Evaluators":[103],"Global":[104,116],"Acne":[105],"Severity":[106,112],"Scale,":[107],"lesion":[108,139,159],"counts,":[109],"Post-inflammatory":[110],"Hyperpigmentation":[111],"Scales":[113],"Patient's":[115],"Assessment":[117,131],"Scale.":[118,132],"Safety":[119,130],"tolerability":[121],"by":[124,148,168,219],"adverse":[125],"event":[126],"reports":[127],"RESULTS:":[133],"The":[134,188],"mean":[135,156],"(SD)":[136],"baseline":[137,157],"inflammatory":[138,158],"count":[140,160],"11.9":[142],"(11.1)":[143],"clindamycin/tretinoin-treated":[145],"patients,":[146,166],"decreasing":[147,167],"5.5":[149],"(6.56)":[150],"after":[151],"weeks":[153],"while":[154],"13.6":[162],"(11.15)":[163],"placebo-treated":[165],"4.1":[169],"(11.36)":[170],"(p=0.05":[171],"change":[173],"from":[174],"baseline,":[175],"clindamycin/tretinoin":[176,189,214],"vs.":[177],"placebo).":[178],"Clindamycin/tretinoin-treated":[179],"generally":[181],"demonstrated":[182],"superior":[183],"versus":[185],"placebo":[186],"treatment.":[187],"well":[193],"tolerated,":[194],"causing":[195],"little":[196],"no":[198],"irritation,":[199],"although":[200],"one":[201],"patient":[202],"withdrew":[203],"due":[204],"periorbital":[206],"edema":[207],"moderate":[209],"severity":[210],"possibly":[211],"related":[212],"gel.":[215],"CONCLUSION:":[216],"Although":[217],"limited":[218],"small":[220],"sample":[221],"size,":[222],"results":[224],"this":[226],"pilot":[227],"study":[228],"suggest":[229],"phosphate":[231],"is":[238],"safe":[240],"effective":[242],"option":[243],"treating":[245],"color.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}