{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1574385256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/13300-000","title":"The life and growth of language: An outline of linguistic science.","display_name":"The life and growth of language: An outline of linguistic science.","publication_year":1903,"publication_date":"1903-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1574385256","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/13300-000","mag":"1574385256"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/13300-000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/13300-000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/13300-000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306468431","display_name":"D. Appleton and company eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050638510","display_name":"William Dwight Whitney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"William Dwight Whitney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale College, New Haven, CT, US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale College, New Haven, CT, US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050638510"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":161,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.31740614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13156","display_name":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13156","display_name":"Historical Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.11129999905824661,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13260","display_name":"Linguistics and Language Studies","score":0.07240000367164612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-evolution","display_name":"language evolution","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-development","display_name":"language development","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-theory","display_name":"linguistic theory","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-linguistics","display_name":"history of linguistics","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-change","display_name":"language change","score":0.38600000739097595}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.698512613773346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3707125186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3216986656188965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.22543594241142273}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/13300-000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/13300-000","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/13300-000","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306468431","display_name":"D. Appleton and company eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4253305199","https://openalex.org/W4241476518","https://openalex.org/W6983186064","https://openalex.org/W4244913037","https://openalex.org/W596471923","https://openalex.org/W4255981724","https://openalex.org/W2795649111","https://openalex.org/W4230021576","https://openalex.org/W2798097666","https://openalex.org/W4253826044"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}