{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1573487348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2015.2431857","title":"A 3D-HARPSS Polysilicon Microhemispherical Shell Resonating Gyroscope: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization","display_name":"A 3D-HARPSS Polysilicon Microhemispherical Shell Resonating Gyroscope: Design, Fabrication, and Characterization","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1573487348","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2015.2431857","mag":"1573487348"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsen.2015.2431857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2015.2431857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2015.2431857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189694085","display_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","issn_l":"1530-437X","issn":["1530-437X","1558-1748","2379-9153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321027","host_organization_name":"IEEE Sensors Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321027","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Sensors Council","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062489182","display_name":"Peng Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-4892","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4930-4892"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Freescale Semiconductor, Tempe, AZ, USA","Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Freescale Semiconductor, Tempe, AZ, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036629301","display_name":"Vahid Tavassoli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vahid Tavassoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033021887","display_name":"Curtis L. Mayberry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Curtis L. Mayberry","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081523432","display_name":"Farrokh Ayazi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7393","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4539-7393"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farrokh Ayazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90087227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"9","first_page":"4974","last_page":"4985"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11325","display_name":"Inertial Sensor and Navigation","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13885","display_name":"Geophysics and Sensor Technology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode-matching-method","display_name":"mode matching","score":0.6299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-dependence","display_name":"rate dependence","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-factor","display_name":"quality factor","score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-structure-optimization","display_name":"support structure optimization","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mems-gyroscope","display_name":"MEMS gyroscope","score":0.7710000276565552}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.8434810638427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158488048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483400","display_name":"Gyroscope","level":2,"score":0.783325731754303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.717831015586853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.5911526679992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.4681903123855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.460843563079834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4518515467643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204223013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133036","display_name":"Lithography","level":2,"score":0.4448928236961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.44134190678596497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4284172058105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544956773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q670","display_name":"Silicon","level":2,"score":0.42403650283813477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25441598892211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.17150521278381348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07183414697647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsen.2015.2431857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2015.2431857","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2015.2431857","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189694085","display_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","issn_l":"1530-437X","issn":["1530-437X","1558-1748","2379-9153"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310321027","host_organization_name":"IEEE Sensors Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310321027","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Sensors Council","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Sensors Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309321","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311090","display_name":"Iowa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rswrd78"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1658578949","https://openalex.org/W1986014278","https://openalex.org/W1997991845","https://openalex.org/W2014040089","https://openalex.org/W2018635296","https://openalex.org/W2024519189","https://openalex.org/W2028585316","https://openalex.org/W2028969753","https://openalex.org/W2071654851","https://openalex.org/W2090384543","https://openalex.org/W2101214719","https://openalex.org/W2105810303","https://openalex.org/W2122334231","https://openalex.org/W2129744422","https://openalex.org/W2129925483","https://openalex.org/W2132309683","https://openalex.org/W2132359014","https://openalex.org/W2134069529","https://openalex.org/W2134677387","https://openalex.org/W2152788544","https://openalex.org/W2156065590","https://openalex.org/W2165825593","https://openalex.org/W2621919695","https://openalex.org/W2933363741","https://openalex.org/W3160985822","https://openalex.org/W6653977412","https://openalex.org/W6760714545"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134677387","https://openalex.org/W2954836756","https://openalex.org/W2794886105","https://openalex.org/W2781735088","https://openalex.org/W7124758899","https://openalex.org/W4303856594","https://openalex.org/W2026134809","https://openalex.org/W2950821593","https://openalex.org/W4392558354","https://openalex.org/W4386809976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents,":[2],"for":[3,44],"the":[4,7,50,61,112,147],"first":[5],"time,":[6],"analysis,":[8],"design,":[9],"fabrication,":[10],"and":[11,25,47,94,106,117,126,143],"characterization":[12],"of":[13,49,56,66,91,98,136,146],"a":[14,34,67,89,95],"microhemispherical":[15],"resonating":[16],"gyroscope":[17],"(\u03bc":[18],"HRG).":[19],"A":[20,130],"3D":[21,68],"high":[22],"aspect-ratio":[23],"poly-":[24],"single-crystalline":[26],"silicon":[27],"(HARPSS)":[28],"process":[29,54,63,144],"is":[30,80,104,109],"developed":[31],"to":[32,71],"fabricate":[33],"stem-supported":[35],"hemispherical":[36],"shell":[37,96],"with":[38,64,74,83,88],"self-aligned":[39],"tall":[40],"capacitive":[41,76],"electrodes":[42,73],"intended":[43],"driving,":[45],"sensing,":[46],"tuning":[48,125],"gyroscope.":[51],"The":[52,78,101],"monolithic":[53],"consists":[55],"seven":[57],"lithographic":[58],"steps":[59],"combining":[60],"HARPSS":[62],"fabrication":[65,79],"curved":[69],"microstructure":[70],"create":[72],"scalable":[75],"gaps.":[77],"successfully":[81,121],"demonstrated":[82],"polysilicon":[84],"\u03bc":[85],"HRG":[86],"prototypes":[87],"diameter":[90],"1.2":[92],"mm":[93],"thickness":[97],"1":[99],"\u03bcm.":[100],"frequency":[102],"response":[103],"measured":[105],"gyro":[107],"operation":[108],"examined":[110],"using":[111],"integrated":[113],"electrodes.":[114],"Mode":[115],"matching":[116],"mode":[118],"alignment":[119],"are":[120],"performed":[122],"by":[123],"applying":[124],"quadrature":[127],"nulling":[128],"voltages.":[129],"closed-loop":[131],"rate":[132],"sensitivity":[133],"scale":[134],"factor":[135,155],"8.57":[137],"mV/\u00b0/s":[138],"was":[139],"measured.":[140],"Furthermore,":[141],"design":[142],"optimization":[145],"support":[148],"structure":[149],"resulted":[150],"in":[151],"an":[152],"improved":[153],"quality":[154],"(Q":[156],"~":[157],"40":[158],"000).":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
