{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1573385966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119993681.ch2","title":"Toxicity of Chemical Warfare Agents and their Degradation Products","display_name":"Toxicity of Chemical Warfare Agents and their Degradation Products","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1573385966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119993681.ch2","mag":"1573385966"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781119993681.ch2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119993681.ch2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119993681.ch2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analysis of Chemical Warfare Degradation Products","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2492406014","display_name":"Analysis of Chemical Warfare Degradation Products"},"type":"other","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075658525","display_name":"Karolin K. Kroening","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karolin K. Kroening","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088921233","display_name":"Renee N. Easter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renee N. Easter","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083299028","display_name":"Douglas D. Richardson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-6758","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8488-6758"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285764155","display_name":"Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02891sr49","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas D. Richardson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Merck Research Labs, Rahway, NJ, USA","Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ (USA)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck Research Labs, Rahway, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, NJ (USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285764155"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076967848","display_name":"Stuart A. Willison","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0669-1757","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0669-1757"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1302368450","display_name":"Environmental Protection Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/03tns0030","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stuart A. Willison","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Homeland Security Research Center at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Homeland Security Research Center at the US Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1302368450"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055252822","display_name":"Joseph A. Caruso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-3996","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2900-3996"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph A. Caruso","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"19","last_page":"57"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10875","display_name":"Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11635","display_name":"Poisoning and overdose treatments","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14072","display_name":"Immunotoxicology and immune responses","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-warfare-agents","display_name":"chemical warfare agents","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organophosphorus-nerve-agents","display_name":"organophosphorus nerve agents","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blister-agents","display_name":"blister agents","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toxicity","display_name":"toxicity","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779679103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5251805","display_name":"Degradation (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5950056910514832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910751650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3639228","display_name":"Chemical Warfare Agents","level":2,"score":0.5248416066169739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101216236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483610","display_name":"Chemical warfare","level":2,"score":0.4826672375202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910804846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Chemical toxicity","level":3,"score":0.4501056373119354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.42631062865257263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4058920443058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.35653746128082275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.34916096925735474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183696295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2487696","display_name":"Biochemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.332790732383728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2620934247970581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1772771179676056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1221511960029602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0881129801273346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.06460520625114441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.05069756507873535}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781119993681.ch2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119993681.ch2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119993681.ch2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analysis of Chemical Warfare Degradation Products","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27907977","https://openalex.org/W97438224","https://openalex.org/W209524673","https://openalex.org/W298094061","https://openalex.org/W585093133","https://openalex.org/W1527404455","https://openalex.org/W1589721087","https://openalex.org/W1589877574","https://openalex.org/W1965477528","https://openalex.org/W1967644652","https://openalex.org/W1969656407","https://openalex.org/W1970993667","https://openalex.org/W1971639051","https://openalex.org/W1972427707","https://openalex.org/W1975276251","https://openalex.org/W1976032331","https://openalex.org/W1976417734","https://openalex.org/W1983345577","https://openalex.org/W1985603995","https://openalex.org/W1989007759","https://openalex.org/W1995032511","https://openalex.org/W1996546909","https://openalex.org/W1996662645","https://openalex.org/W1998430268","https://openalex.org/W2000130071","https://openalex.org/W2000233144","https://openalex.org/W2001099410","https://openalex.org/W2005087900","https://openalex.org/W2007184166","https://openalex.org/W2007994699","https://openalex.org/W2014433035","https://openalex.org/W2019109379","https://openalex.org/W2019372758","https://openalex.org/W2020359825","https://openalex.org/W2024886323","https://openalex.org/W2029741470","https://openalex.org/W2030427488","https://openalex.org/W2037368955","https://openalex.org/W2039007928","https://openalex.org/W2041768330","https://openalex.org/W2050562499","https://openalex.org/W2054774531","https://openalex.org/W2057313936","https://openalex.org/W2057817996","https://openalex.org/W2072811643","https://openalex.org/W2074674960","https://openalex.org/W2075387925","https://openalex.org/W2080513038","https://openalex.org/W2082051263","https://openalex.org/W2089687500","https://openalex.org/W2101759204","https://openalex.org/W2118633304","https://openalex.org/W2145258552","https://openalex.org/W2154472234","https://openalex.org/W2161205837","https://openalex.org/W2165051022","https://openalex.org/W2169923433","https://openalex.org/W2206646098","https://openalex.org/W2334297447","https://openalex.org/W2496494293","https://openalex.org/W2592108888","https://openalex.org/W3124574520","https://openalex.org/W4205672847","https://openalex.org/W4230279711","https://openalex.org/W4232927812","https://openalex.org/W4233291261","https://openalex.org/W4236253949","https://openalex.org/W4238736195","https://openalex.org/W4238961545","https://openalex.org/W4240006088","https://openalex.org/W4250417738","https://openalex.org/W4251829876","https://openalex.org/W4252268705","https://openalex.org/W4252470579","https://openalex.org/W4253292515","https://openalex.org/W4256481253","https://openalex.org/W4298284179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4241298053","https://openalex.org/W2166568504","https://openalex.org/W7098602669","https://openalex.org/W2478495824","https://openalex.org/W2913661108","https://openalex.org/W2054774531","https://openalex.org/W4232825764","https://openalex.org/W4297904513","https://openalex.org/W2995603683","https://openalex.org/W4241859824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"chapter":[1],"contains":[2],"sections":[3],"titled:":[4],"Organophosphorus":[5],"Nerve":[6,11],"Agent":[7,12],"Toxicity":[8,9,15,19],"of":[10,16,20],"Degradation":[13],"Products":[14],"Blister":[17],"Agents":[18,22],"Sternutator":[21],"References":[23]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
