{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1570436775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","title":"Where to enter in hub\u2010spoke airline networks","display_name":"Where to enter in hub\u2010spoke airline networks","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1570436775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","mag":"1570436775"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101788309","display_name":"Papers of the Regional Science Association","issn_l":"0486-2902","issn":["0486-2902","1056-8190","1435-5957"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Papers in Regional Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103370411","display_name":"Ming Hsin Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-3098","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-3098"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14314212","display_name":"Osaka University of Economics","ror":"https://ror.org/04g11bp59","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14314212"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ming Hsin Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Economics, Osaka University of Economics, 2-2-8 Osumi, Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-8533, Japan (e-mail: [email protected] )","Faculty of Economics, Osaka University of Economics, 2\u20102\u20108 Osumi, Higashiyodogawa\u2010ku, Osaka 533\u20108533, Japan (e\u2010mail: linmh@osaka\u2010ue.ac.jp)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics, Osaka University of Economics, 2-2-8 Osumi, Higashiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 533-8533, Japan (e-mail: [email protected] )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14314212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Economics, Osaka University of Economics, 2\u20102\u20108 Osumi, Higashiyodogawa\u2010ku, Osaka 533\u20108533, Japan (e\u2010mail: linmh@osaka\u2010ue.ac.jp)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14314212"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063249091","display_name":"Akio Kawasaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-171X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1769-171X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107139324","display_name":"Kagoshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ss88z23","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Akio Kawasaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University, 1-20-6 Korimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan (e-mail: [email protected] )","Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University, 1\u201020\u20106 Korimoto, Kagoshima\u2010shi, Kagoshima 890\u20100065, Japan (e\u2010mail: kawasaki@edu.kagoshima\u2010u.ac.jp)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University, 1-20-6 Korimoto, Kagoshima-shi, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan (e-mail: [email protected] )","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Education, Kagoshima University, 1\u201020\u20106 Korimoto, Kagoshima\u2010shi, Kagoshima 890\u20100065, Japan (e\u2010mail: kawasaki@edu.kagoshima\u2010u.ac.jp)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063249091","https://openalex.org/A5103370411"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107139324","https://openalex.org/I14314212"],"apc_list":{"value":2740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2740},"apc_paid":{"value":2740,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2740},"fwci":4.2657,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94689492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"2","first_page":"419","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11599","display_name":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11599","display_name":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13439","display_name":"Transport and Economic Policies","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11043","display_name":"Merger and Competition Analysis","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airline-market-entry","display_name":"airline market entry","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/connecting-flights","display_name":"connecting flights","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-flights","display_name":"direct flights","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-differentiation","display_name":"product differentiation","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airline-competition","display_name":"airline competition","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-analysis","display_name":"welfare analysis","score":0.8700000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-policy","display_name":"transport policy","score":0.9459999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987236452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Air transport","level":2,"score":0.4547847509384155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.4395633935928345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3896678686141968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549774020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q851147","display_name":"Welfare economics","level":1,"score":0.3850047290325165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.30926448106765747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10167291760444641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.07677289843559265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.07427605986595154}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101788309","display_name":"Papers of the Regional Science Association","issn_l":"0486-2902","issn":["0486-2902","1056-8190","1435-5957"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Papers in Regional Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:bla:presci:v:91:y:2012:i:2:p:419-436","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1111/j.1435-5957.2011.00386.x","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101788309","display_name":"Papers of the Regional Science Association","issn_l":"0486-2902","issn":["0486-2902","1056-8190","1435-5957"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","fnege-3","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Papers in Regional Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.651199996471405,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6333048706","display_name":"Airline' LCC strategy and industrial policy","funder_award_id":"24530281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320912","display_name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/048rj2z13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1570436775.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1570436775.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W650875462","https://openalex.org/W1501151793","https://openalex.org/W1534002616","https://openalex.org/W1598143609","https://openalex.org/W1964598464","https://openalex.org/W1977759753","https://openalex.org/W1984910193","https://openalex.org/W1985130672","https://openalex.org/W1987954244","https://openalex.org/W1992034407","https://openalex.org/W1994821844","https://openalex.org/W1994978818","https://openalex.org/W2006153318","https://openalex.org/W2007003899","https://openalex.org/W2017580547","https://openalex.org/W2020305795","https://openalex.org/W2026067940","https://openalex.org/W2029577960","https://openalex.org/W2057254560","https://openalex.org/W2062957830","https://openalex.org/W2083953895","https://openalex.org/W2092212491","https://openalex.org/W2107619343","https://openalex.org/W2119067269","https://openalex.org/W2140454897","https://openalex.org/W2150912484","https://openalex.org/W2301321055","https://openalex.org/W2587737375","https://openalex.org/W3022799870","https://openalex.org/W3121480742","https://openalex.org/W6636029730"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1955826960","https://openalex.org/W4402122389","https://openalex.org/W642516624","https://openalex.org/W2090192125","https://openalex.org/W7097108091","https://openalex.org/W2946763827","https://openalex.org/W2082816069","https://openalex.org/W7098090110","https://openalex.org/W2222248885","https://openalex.org/W3121170060"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,15],"a":[1,94,232,236],"hub-spoke":[2],"airline":[3],"network,":[4],"the":[5,12,16,19,25,35,47,57,66,77,83,91,103],"spoke":[6],"market":[7,49,84],"is":[8,62,72],"generally":[9],"larger":[10],"than":[11],"rim":[13,17,48,86],"market.":[14],"market,":[18],"potential":[20,99],"scales":[21],"of":[22,37,59,68],"demand":[23,71],"for":[24,43,93],"connecting":[26],"and":[27],"direct":[28,51,69],"flights":[29,36,52,70],"are":[30],"different.":[31],"Passengers":[32],"differentiate":[33],"among":[34],"carriers.":[38],"This":[39,74],"study":[40],"demonstrates":[41],"that":[42,79],"new":[44],"entrants,":[45],"entering":[46],"with":[50,85],"could":[53],"be":[54],"preferable,":[55],"if":[56],"degree":[58],"product":[60],"differentiation":[61],"sufficiently":[63],"small,":[64],"or":[65],"scale":[67],"large.":[73],"may":[75],"explain":[76],"phenomenon":[78],"entrants":[80,100],"usually":[81],"enter":[82,102],"routes.":[87],"Welfare":[88],"analysis":[89],"suggests":[90],"necessity":[92],"transport":[95],"policy":[96],"to":[97,101],"guide":[98],"socially":[104],"preferable":[105],"route.":[106],"En":[107,127],"una":[108,226],"red":[109],"de":[110,117,134,137,141,149,154,180,192,195,205,220,225,228],"aerol\u00edneas":[111,234],"en":[112,170,212],"disposici\u00f3n":[113],"radial,":[114],"el":[115,124,128,168,171,178,203,213],"mercado":[116,125,129,172,214],"los":[118,152],"radios":[119],"es":[120,184,198],"generalmente":[121],"mayor":[122],"que":[123,206,230],"perif\u00e9rico.":[126],"perif\u00e9rico,":[130],"las":[131,162,207,233],"escalas":[132],"potenciales":[133,235],"la":[135,190,193,223,239],"demanda":[136,194],"vuelos":[138,153,175,196],"directos":[139,197],"y":[140],"conexi\u00f3n":[142],"son":[143,147],"diferentes.":[144],"Los":[145],"pasajeros":[146],"capaces":[148],"diferenciar":[150],"entre":[151],"diferentes":[155],"aerol\u00edneas.":[156],"Este":[157],"estudio":[158],"demuestra":[159],"que,":[160],"para":[161],"nuevas":[163],"aerol\u00edneas,":[164],"podr\u00eda":[165,201],"ser":[166],"preferible":[167],"entrar":[169,237],"perif\u00e9rico":[173],"con":[174,215],"directos,":[176],"si":[177,189],"grado":[179],"diferenciaci\u00f3n":[181],"del":[182],"producto":[183],"lo":[185],"suficientemente":[186],"peque\u00f1o,":[187],"o":[188],"escala":[191],"grande.":[199],"Esto":[200],"explicar":[202],"fen\u00f3meno":[204],"reci\u00e9n":[208],"llegadas":[209],"normalmente":[210],"entran":[211],"rutas":[216],"perif\u00e9ricas.":[217],"Un":[218],"an\u00e1lisis":[219],"bienestar":[221],"sugiere":[222],"necesidad":[224],"pol\u00edtica":[227],"transporte":[229],"oriente":[231],"bajo":[238],"ruta":[240],"socialmente":[241],"preferible.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
