{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1570434645","doi":null,"title":"The Cross-Sectional Implications of Rising Wage Inequality in the United States","display_name":"The Cross-Sectional Implications of Rising Wage Inequality in the United States","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1570434645","mag":"1570434645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:http://hdl.handle.net/2451/27297","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/27297","pdf_url":"http://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/27297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196662","display_name":"Faculty Digital Archive (New York University Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210123063","host_organization_name":"New York University Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123063"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},"volume":null,"type":"report","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/27297","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012746321","display_name":"Jonathan Heathcote","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-0923","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-0923"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341575764","display_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis","ror":"https://ror.org/0380n5h16","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608","https://openalex.org/I1341575764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Heathcote","raw_affiliation_strings":["Minneapolis Fed"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2724-0923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Minneapolis Fed","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341575764"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022831548","display_name":"Kjetil Storeslettenand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kjetil Storeslettenand","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111888408","display_name":"Giovanni L. Violante","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140326","display_name":"Centre for Economic Policy Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04jzmdh37","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni L. Violante","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, Department of Economics","Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140326"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.7026000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.7026000022888184,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.2639000117778778,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.011699999682605267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-inequality","display_name":"wage inequality","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/working-hours","display_name":"working hours","score":0.8019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consumption-inequality","display_name":"consumption inequality","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-shocks","display_name":"wage shocks","score":0.47999998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-and-transitory-shocks","display_name":"permanent and transitory shocks","score":0.6850000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlapping-generations-model","display_name":"overlapping generations model","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incomplete-markets","display_name":"incomplete markets","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-costs","display_name":"welfare costs","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.5389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states","display_name":"United States","score":0.7799999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.786771833896637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.7474075555801392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.6476221680641174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5970378518104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5914801359176636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.5605935454368591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5373846888542175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196083921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915758","display_name":"Variance (accounting)","level":2,"score":0.5245169401168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177562468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182893","display_name":"Dispersion (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5041841268539429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777712589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65088640","display_name":"Wage dispersion","level":4,"score":0.5000746250152588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29169499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3304360","display_name":"Cross-sectional data","level":2,"score":0.4575267732143402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4422438442707062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994086107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5055020","display_name":"Wage inequality","level":3,"score":0.41000884771347046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.2824556827545166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6968784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193835","display_name":"Efficiency wage","level":3,"score":0.2537205219268799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:http://hdl.handle.net/2451/27297","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/27297","pdf_url":"http://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/27297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196662","display_name":"Faculty Digital Archive (New York University Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210123063","host_organization_name":"New York University Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123063"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},{"id":"mag:1570434645","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://archive.nyu.edu/bitstream/2451/27297/2/S-MF-04-01.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3124822382","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:4296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:cpr:ceprdp:4296","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cepr.org/active/publications/discussion_papers/dp.php?dpno=4296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:http://hdl.handle.net/2451/27297","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/27297","pdf_url":"http://archive.nyu.edu/handle/2451/27297","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196662","display_name":"Faculty Digital Archive (New York University Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210123063","host_organization_name":"New York University Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123063"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Working Paper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"score":0.6452000141143799,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1570434645.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1570434645.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W172856932","https://openalex.org/W1541391527","https://openalex.org/W1965517545","https://openalex.org/W1981806244","https://openalex.org/W1994619981","https://openalex.org/W2008733417","https://openalex.org/W2010917844","https://openalex.org/W2026965355","https://openalex.org/W2033984197","https://openalex.org/W2034541185","https://openalex.org/W2037691547","https://openalex.org/W2040163574","https://openalex.org/W2041925384","https://openalex.org/W2055007774","https://openalex.org/W2058945081","https://openalex.org/W2061044658","https://openalex.org/W2071697780","https://openalex.org/W2085303506","https://openalex.org/W2096218604","https://openalex.org/W2099769644","https://openalex.org/W2102292466","https://openalex.org/W2106759695","https://openalex.org/W2121158253","https://openalex.org/W2121728159","https://openalex.org/W2136504185","https://openalex.org/W2138238248","https://openalex.org/W2138782860","https://openalex.org/W2158648795","https://openalex.org/W2160587794","https://openalex.org/W2165613656","https://openalex.org/W2168392782","https://openalex.org/W2171956741","https://openalex.org/W2192402193","https://openalex.org/W2792065086","https://openalex.org/W2992052525","https://openalex.org/W3021192838","https://openalex.org/W3022576169","https://openalex.org/W3022855420","https://openalex.org/W3023619695","https://openalex.org/W3121917322","https://openalex.org/W3124540394","https://openalex.org/W3125431284"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2186071382","https://openalex.org/W3125879122","https://openalex.org/W3126144127","https://openalex.org/W2138148571","https://openalex.org/W7100243379","https://openalex.org/W7112696497","https://openalex.org/W3124096090","https://openalex.org/W1485956384","https://openalex.org/W7098607499","https://openalex.org/W2098290433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"Paper":[1],"explores":[2],"the":[3,6,17,44,52,71,75,84,98,123,127,132,145],"implications":[4],"of":[5,20,32,86,126],"recent":[7],"sharp":[8],"rise":[9,42,77,128],"in":[10,43,56,78,83,116,129,141],"US":[11,118],"wage":[12,37,79,95,130],"inequality":[13,55,64,80],"for":[14,113,144],"welfare":[15,124],"and":[16,24,48,62,89],"cross-sectional":[18,30,117],"distributions":[19],"hours":[21,49,57],"worked,":[22],"consumption":[23,63],"earnings.":[25],"From":[26],"1967":[27],"to":[28,40,137],"1996":[29],"dispersion":[31],"earnings":[33],"increased":[34,65],"more":[35],"than":[36],"dispersion,":[38],"due":[39],"a":[41,104,138],"correlation":[45],"between":[46],"wages":[47],"worked.":[50],"Over":[51],"same":[53],"period,":[54],"worked":[58],"remained":[59],"roughly":[60],"constant,":[61],"only":[66,99],"modestly.":[67],"Using":[68],"data":[69],"from":[70],"PSID,":[72],"we":[73,101],"decompose":[74],"observed":[76],"into":[81],"changes":[82],"variance":[85],"permanent,":[87],"persistent":[88],"transitory":[90],"shocks.":[91],"With":[92],"this":[93],"changing":[94],"process":[96],"as":[97],"primitive,":[100],"show":[102],"that":[103],"calibrated":[105],"overlapping-generations":[106],"model":[107],"with":[108],"incomplete":[109],"markets":[110],"can":[111],"account":[112],"these":[114],"trends":[115],"data.":[119],"We":[120],"also":[121],"investigate":[122],"costs":[125],"in-equality:":[131],"ex-ante":[133],"loss":[134],"is":[135],"equivalent":[136],"5%":[139],"decline":[140],"lifetime":[142],"income":[143],"worst":[146],"affected":[147],"cohorts.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}