{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1569986363","doi":null,"title":"Vital signs: variation among States in prescribing of opioid pain relievers and benzodiazepines - United States, 2012.","display_name":"Vital signs: variation among States in prescribing of opioid pain relievers and benzodiazepines - United States, 2012.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-07-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1569986363","mag":"1569986363","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24990489","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4584903"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4584903","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4584903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4584903","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023522798","display_name":"Leonard J. Paulozzi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard J Paulozzi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038309469","display_name":"Karin Ann Mack","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-3001","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9274-3001"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karin A Mack","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075085469","display_name":"Jason M. Hockenberry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-1148","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0057-1148"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason M Hockenberry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":41.6994,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":275,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99888741,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"26","first_page":"563","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10496","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-analgesics","display_name":"opioid analgesics","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzodiazepines","display_name":"benzodiazepines","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dose-opioids","display_name":"high-dose opioids","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxymorphone","display_name":"oxymorphone","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prescription-drug-misuse","display_name":"prescription drug misuse","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/opioid-overdose","display_name":"opioid overdose","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-united-states","display_name":"Southern United States","score":0.5830000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8687171936035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.6680912971496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83871","display_name":"Benzodiazepine","level":3,"score":0.6344711780548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23276603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158230","display_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","level":3,"score":0.5171381831169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.5038103461265564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.4767259657382965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4683850109577179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4420413374900818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.3766247034072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.35229969024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3506990671157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2799922823905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.25015372037887573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.18489694595336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000701","descriptor_name":"Analgesics, Opioid","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001569","descriptor_name":"Benzodiazepines","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010146","descriptor_name":"Pain","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010818","descriptor_name":"Practice Patterns, Physicians'","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011307","descriptor_name":"Drug Prescriptions","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D057970","descriptor_name":"Inappropriate Prescribing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4584903","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4584903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:24990489","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24990489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1569986363","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24990489","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4584903","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4584903","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591102483","https://openalex.org/W1610991453","https://openalex.org/W1975070917","https://openalex.org/W1975817655","https://openalex.org/W1987108168","https://openalex.org/W1998043752","https://openalex.org/W2004478570","https://openalex.org/W2014732507","https://openalex.org/W2047655881","https://openalex.org/W2048292736","https://openalex.org/W2061414577","https://openalex.org/W2088467792","https://openalex.org/W2129327240","https://openalex.org/W2169168414"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071756091","https://openalex.org/W2011930191","https://openalex.org/W1266238005","https://openalex.org/W7098997152","https://openalex.org/W2196405196","https://openalex.org/W2004478570","https://openalex.org/W2886672016","https://openalex.org/W2145579475","https://openalex.org/W2885811267","https://openalex.org/W2005608160"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Overprescribing":[1],"of":[2,21,58,69,151,178,214,225],"opioid":[3],"pain":[4,195],"relievers":[5],"(OPR)":[6],"can":[7],"result":[8],"in":[9,19,94,116,142,174],"multiple":[10],"adverse":[11],"health":[12,176],"outcomes,":[13],"including":[14],"fatal":[15],"overdoses.":[16],"Interstate":[17],"variation":[18,70,160],"rates":[20,66,99,113,182],"prescribing":[22,38,57,188,224],"OPR":[23,59,86,103,110,139],"and":[24,60,67,78,87,104,111,121,137,197,230],"other":[25,61],"prescription":[26,215],"drugs":[27,216,227],"prone":[28],"to":[29,51,168,171,186],"abuse,":[30],"such":[31],"as":[32],"benzodiazepines,":[33,112],"might":[34,191,207],"indicate":[35,183],"areas":[36],"where":[37],"patterns":[39],"need":[40,185],"further":[41],"evaluation.":[42],"METHODS:":[43],"CDC":[44,63],"analyzed":[45],"a":[46],"commercial":[47],"database":[48],"(IMS":[49],"Health)":[50],"assess":[52],"the":[53,95,117,132,143,158,175,179,184,209,223],"potential":[54],"for":[55,71,102,106,135,148,157],"improved":[56],"drugs.":[62],"calculated":[64],"state":[65],"measures":[68],"OPR,":[72,75,77,152],"long-acting/extended-release":[73],"(LA/ER)":[74],"high-dose":[76,138],"benzodiazepines.":[79,107],"RESULTS:":[80],"In":[81],"2012,":[82],"prescribers":[83],"wrote":[84],"82.5":[85],"37.6":[88],"benzodiazepine":[89],"prescriptions":[90],"per":[91],"100":[92],"persons":[93],"United":[96],"States.":[97],"State":[98,204],"varied":[100,146],"2.7-fold":[101],"3.7-fold":[105],"For":[108],"both":[109],"were":[114,125,140],"higher":[115],"South":[118],"census":[119],"region,":[120],"three":[122],"Southern":[123],"states":[124],"two":[126],"or":[127],"more":[128,228,231],"standard":[129],"deviations":[130],"above":[131],"mean.":[133],"Rates":[134,145],"LA/ER":[136],"highest":[141],"Northeast.":[144],"22-fold":[147],"one":[149],"type":[150],"oxymorphone.":[153],"CONCLUSIONS:":[154],"Factors":[155],"accounting":[156],"regional":[159],"are":[161,166],"unknown.":[162],"Such":[163],"wide":[164],"variations":[165],"unlikely":[167],"be":[169],"attributable":[170],"underlying":[172],"differences":[173],"status":[177],"population.":[180],"High":[181],"identify":[187],"practices":[189],"that":[190,220],"not":[192],"appropriately":[193],"balance":[194],"relief":[196],"patient":[198],"safety.":[199],"IMPLICATIONS":[200],"FOR":[201],"PUBLIC":[202],"HEALTH:":[203],"policy":[205],"makers":[206],"reduce":[208],"harms":[210],"associated":[211],"with":[212,233],"abuse":[213],"by":[217],"implementing":[218],"changes":[219],"will":[221],"make":[222],"these":[226],"cautious":[229],"consistent":[232],"clinical":[234],"recommendations.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":59},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}