{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1569649532","doi":null,"title":"Pharmacogenetics: a practical role in predicting antiretroviral drug toxicity?","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics: a practical role in predicting antiretroviral drug toxicity?","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1569649532","mag":"1569649532","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12838163"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12838163","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12838163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of HIV therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039351765","display_name":"David A Nolan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0743-8801","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0743-8801"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799740997","display_name":"Royal Perth Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00zc2xc51","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799506148","https://openalex.org/I2799740997","https://openalex.org/I2800882159","https://openalex.org/I4388446364","https://openalex.org/I4405257575"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Nolan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, 2nd Floor, North Block, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth 6000, Western Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, 2nd Floor, North Block, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth 6000, Western Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799740997"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080161419","display_name":"Silvana Gaudieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-0198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6873-0198"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvana Gaudieri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070165631","display_name":"Simon Alexander Mallal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-1309","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7036-1309"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon Mallal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":53,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80102342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"36","last_page":"41"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.8407999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.8407999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11117","display_name":"Drug-Induced Adverse Reactions","score":0.08720000088214874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.0568000003695488,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacogenetics","display_name":"pharmacogenetics","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-drugs","display_name":"antiretroviral drugs","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-toxicity","display_name":"drug toxicity","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipodystrophy","display_name":"lipodystrophy","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abacavir-hypersensitivity","display_name":"abacavir hypersensitivity","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-testing","display_name":"genetic testing","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunogenetics","display_name":"immunogenetics","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-genetic-factors","display_name":"host genetic factors","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-drug-reactions","display_name":"adverse drug reactions","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-treatment","display_name":"HIV treatment","score":0.4519999921321869}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55775858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152227","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics","level":4,"score":0.8926663398742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8169148564338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779465607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304330","display_name":"Abacavir","level":5,"score":0.789680540561676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.573947548866272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64903051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2198549","display_name":"Drug development","level":3,"score":0.4909346401691437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4848872125148773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170734499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152227","display_name":"Pharmacogenomics","level":2,"score":0.4810386002063751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780673598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q285223","display_name":"Genetic testing","level":2,"score":0.4632182717323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.45614761114120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780941825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1538213","display_name":"Lipodystrophy","level":5,"score":0.4296153783798218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992092908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45959","display_name":"Drug toxicity","level":3,"score":0.4290725886821747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68873052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349856","display_name":"Genetic variation","level":3,"score":0.4285353422164917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.38933271169662476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3537353277206421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993143319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583050","display_name":"Antiretroviral therapy","level":4,"score":0.24636617302894592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.21663525700569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.21569609642028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.17268529534339905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.16667607426643372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1418556571006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.1302138864994049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12432605028152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.07538846135139465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000099227","descriptor_name":"Abacavir","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010597","descriptor_name":"Pharmacogenetics","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011237","descriptor_name":"Predictive Value of Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015224","descriptor_name":"Dideoxynucleosides","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015235","descriptor_name":"HLA-B Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015235","descriptor_name":"HLA-B Antigens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015658","descriptor_name":"HIV Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017320","descriptor_name":"HIV Protease Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017320","descriptor_name":"HIV Protease Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018894","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018894","descriptor_name":"Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020168","descriptor_name":"ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020168","descriptor_name":"ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12838163","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12838163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of HIV therapy","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61MUN_INST:11135157370007891","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://researchportal.murdoch.edu.au/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Pharmacogenetics-A-practical-role-in-predicting/991005540172407891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au:14936","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/14936/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nolan, D. &lt;http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Nolan, David.html&gt;, Gaudieri, S. &lt;http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Gaudieri, Silvana.html&gt; and Mallal, S. &lt;http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Mallal, Simon.html&gt; (2003) Pharmacogenetics: A practical role in predicting antiretroviral drug toxicity? Journal of HIV therapy, 8 (2). pp. 36-41.","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1569649532","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12838163","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1498945648","https://openalex.org/W2104241937","https://openalex.org/W2015329000","https://openalex.org/W7160963968","https://openalex.org/W2150797080","https://openalex.org/W2148528552","https://openalex.org/W2064751972","https://openalex.org/W2100921658","https://openalex.org/W2121740688","https://openalex.org/W2126427623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"into":[1],"the":[2,14,18,22,27,59,69,107,120,154],"toxic":[3],"effects":[4,162],"of":[5,21,29,61,98,127,131,153,156],"antiretroviral":[6,31],"therapy":[7],"has":[8],"made":[9],"tremendous":[10],"progress,":[11],"particularly":[12],"over":[13],"5":[15],"years":[16],"since":[17],"earliest":[19],"descriptions":[20],"lipodystrophy":[23],"syndrome.":[24],"In":[25],"particular,":[26],"contribution":[28],"specific":[30,110,123],"drugs":[32],"to":[33,78,109,122],"these":[34],"toxicity":[35],"syndromes":[36],"is":[37,89],"becoming":[38],"clearer,":[39],"along":[40],"with":[41,72,134],"their":[42],"pathophysiological":[43],"mechanisms.":[44],"This":[45],"knowledge":[46],"can":[47],"now":[48],"direct":[49],"research":[50,88],"on":[51],"host":[52],"genetic":[53,70,102,115,132,144],"factors":[54],"that":[55],"may":[56,139],"significantly":[57],"influence":[58],"risk":[60],"both":[62,99,157],"short-term":[63],"and":[64,112,159,163],"long-term":[65],"toxicities.":[66],"At":[67],"present,":[68],"association":[71],"abacavir":[73],"hypersensitivity":[74],"appears":[75],"sufficiently":[76],"strong":[77],"consider":[79],"pharmacogenetic":[80],"testing":[81],"in":[82,106,119,142],"clinical":[83],"practice,":[84],"although":[85],"further":[86],"corroborative":[87],"still":[90],"needed.":[91],"The":[92,125],"future":[93],"will":[94,148],"see":[95],"increasing":[96,129],"use":[97],"pharmacogenetics":[100],"(the":[101,114],"basis":[103,116],"for":[104,117],"variation":[105,118],"response":[108,121],"medications)":[111],"immunogenetics":[113],"antigens).":[124],"identification":[126],"an":[128],"number":[130],"associations":[133],"drug":[135,161,165],"efficacy/toxicity":[136],"may,":[137],"or":[138],"not,":[140],"result":[141],"widespread":[143],"testing,":[145],"but":[146],"it":[147],"certainly":[149],"increase":[150],"our":[151],"understanding":[152],"mechanisms":[155],"desirable":[158],"adverse":[160],"inform":[164],"development.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
