{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1569534723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541203.xen0004","title":"Drugs as victims and perpetrators and the pharmacokinetic concept of maximum exposure","display_name":"Drugs as victims and perpetrators and the pharmacokinetic concept of maximum exposure","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1569534723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541203.xen0004","mag":"1569534723"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118541203.xen0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541203.xen0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541203.xen0004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Handbook of Metabolic Pathways of Xenobiotics","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4241861540","display_name":"Handbook of Metabolic Pathways of Xenobiotics"},"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063752035","display_name":"Brian W. Ogilvie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-893X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7581-893X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142175","display_name":"Sekisui XenoTech (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04hjzsd20","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142175","https://openalex.org/I4402554024"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian W. Ogilvie","raw_affiliation_strings":["XenoTech LLC, Lenexa, KS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"XenoTech LLC, Lenexa, KS, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111477779","display_name":"Andrew Parkinson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Parkinson","raw_affiliation_strings":["XPD Consulting LLC, Shawnee, KS, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"XPD Consulting LLC, Shawnee, KS, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10570","display_name":"Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11908","display_name":"Protein Interaction Studies and Fluorescence Analysis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pharmacokinetics","display_name":"pharmacokinetics","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-inhibitors","display_name":"enzyme inhibitors","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transporter-inhibitors","display_name":"transporter inhibitors","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-drug-interactions","display_name":"drug-drug interactions","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extensive-metabolizers","display_name":"extensive metabolizers","score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poor-metabolizers","display_name":"poor metabolizers","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-exposure","display_name":"systemic exposure","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/auc","display_name":"AUC","score":0.44999998807907104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138944611","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163287","display_name":"Clearance","level":2,"score":0.8136006593704224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.763791024684906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149011108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652985","display_name":"Transporter","level":3,"score":0.6183706521987915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76318530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16833590","display_name":"Area under the curve","level":2,"score":0.5902905464172363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.5649996995925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5357621908187866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195289149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256694","display_name":"Toxicokinetics","level":3,"score":0.5198445916175842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020079912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3918988","display_name":"Plasma concentration","level":2,"score":0.4450574815273285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020225094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80091","display_name":"Area under curve","level":3,"score":0.4269426167011261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.42603379487991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42248207330703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3505711555480957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32536959648132324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.14683091640472412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09825578331947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.09503600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118541203.xen0004","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541203.xen0004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118541203.xen0004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Handbook of Metabolic Pathways of Xenobiotics","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1558276030","https://openalex.org/W1816838412","https://openalex.org/W1972327861","https://openalex.org/W1980254709","https://openalex.org/W1984916259","https://openalex.org/W1985137752","https://openalex.org/W1985873090","https://openalex.org/W1988368981","https://openalex.org/W2001553254","https://openalex.org/W2001737481","https://openalex.org/W2004429946","https://openalex.org/W2009309230","https://openalex.org/W2009605072","https://openalex.org/W2010241890","https://openalex.org/W2013135205","https://openalex.org/W2013257594","https://openalex.org/W2015105849","https://openalex.org/W2015185599","https://openalex.org/W2025164071","https://openalex.org/W2025800655","https://openalex.org/W2027820553","https://openalex.org/W2029083358","https://openalex.org/W2032390387","https://openalex.org/W2038889830","https://openalex.org/W2047719457","https://openalex.org/W2054023900","https://openalex.org/W2057459363","https://openalex.org/W2065619484","https://openalex.org/W2069002111","https://openalex.org/W2070325710","https://openalex.org/W2071628411","https://openalex.org/W2078387155","https://openalex.org/W2088904918","https://openalex.org/W2103645944","https://openalex.org/W2106443841","https://openalex.org/W2111616766","https://openalex.org/W2121484553","https://openalex.org/W2123282873","https://openalex.org/W2131498504","https://openalex.org/W2132733182","https://openalex.org/W2143812900","https://openalex.org/W2148166921","https://openalex.org/W2156055785","https://openalex.org/W2156111935","https://openalex.org/W2158059572","https://openalex.org/W2158425599","https://openalex.org/W2161587482","https://openalex.org/W2164725548","https://openalex.org/W2167342795","https://openalex.org/W2169076511","https://openalex.org/W2431090610","https://openalex.org/W2479712067","https://openalex.org/W2489792733","https://openalex.org/W3111232738","https://openalex.org/W4252815559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158059572","https://openalex.org/W7162869360","https://openalex.org/W2023074370","https://openalex.org/W2148587422","https://openalex.org/W3018408500","https://openalex.org/W7221812833","https://openalex.org/W2523557337","https://openalex.org/W2324916026","https://openalex.org/W2789263100","https://openalex.org/W4396875366"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,243],"article":[1,244],"describes":[2],"the":[3,12,76,81,85,93,100,110,211,254,269,273,287],"dramatic":[4,232],"but":[5],"predictable":[6],"impact":[7,274,290],"of":[8,14,89,92,181,193,221,248,257,275,291],"two":[9,131],"perpetrators":[10],"on":[11],"disposition":[13],"a":[15,19,40,125,204,231,292],"victim":[16,23,101,138,212],"drug.":[17],"For":[18,124],"single":[20],"elimination":[21,38],"pathway,":[22],"potential":[24,139],"can":[25,140],"be":[26,141],"quantified":[27],"as":[28,42,265],"fm":[29,177],"(fractional":[30,37],"metabolism":[31],"by":[32,39,130],"an":[33,90,176,276],"enzyme)":[34],"or":[35,51,56,66,197,299],"fe":[36],"transporter)":[41,96],"follows:":[43],"Fold":[44,144],"increase":[45,145,206,234],"in":[46,84,114,146,203,207,230,235,272,279],"exposure":[47,147,209,237],"=":[48,59,148,159,185,189,215,239],"AUC":[49,52,54,57,78,112,149,155],"i":[50],"PM":[53],"ui":[55],"EM":[58],"1":[60,61,160,161],"\u2212":[62,162,217,241],"f":[63,67,163,166],"m":[64],"(":[65],"e":[68],")":[69],"(1)":[70],"where":[71,105],"AUCi":[72],"and":[73,87,104,107,120,136,153,172,187,225,283,285],"AUCui":[74],"are":[75,109],"plasma":[77,111],"(area":[79],"under":[80],"curve)":[82],"values":[83,113],"presence":[86],"absence":[88],"inhibitor":[91,278],"enzyme":[94],"(or":[95,178],"responsible":[97],"for":[98],"eliminating":[99],"drug,":[102],"respectively,":[103],"AUCEM":[106],"AUCPM":[108],"genetically":[115,280],"determined":[116,281],"extensive":[117],"metabolizers":[118],"(EMs)":[119],"poor":[121],"metabolizers,":[122],"respectively.":[123],"drug":[126,213,294],"that":[127,251,295],"is":[128,261],"cleared":[129],"parallel":[132],"pathways":[133],"(routes":[134],"A":[135,152,171,196,224],"B),":[137],"similarly":[142],"quantified:":[143],"with":[150,156],"Perpetrators":[151],"B":[154,173,200,227],"neither":[157],"perpetrator":[158,293],"mA":[164],"+":[165],"mB":[167],"(2)":[168],"If":[169],"routes":[170],"both":[174,222],"had":[175],"fe)":[179],"value":[180],"0.49":[182,186],"(i.e.,":[183],"fmA":[184],"fmB":[188],"0.49),":[190],"then":[191],"loss":[192,220],"only":[194,198],"route":[195,199,223,226],"would":[201,228],"result":[202,229],"1.96-fold":[205],"systemic":[208,236],"to":[210,264],"(1.96":[214],"1/(1":[216,240],"0.49)).":[218],"However,":[219],"50-fold":[233],"(50":[238],"0.98)).":[242],"provides":[245],"several":[246],"examples":[247],"perpetrator\u2013perpetrator\u2013victim":[249],"interactions":[250],"demonstrate":[252],"(i)":[253],"clinical":[255],"relevance":[256],"this":[258],"phenomenon,":[259],"which":[260],"often":[262],"referred":[263],"maximum":[266],"exposure;":[267],"(ii)":[268],"large":[270,289],"difference":[271],"enzyme/transporter":[277],"EMs":[282],"PMs;":[284],"(iii)":[286],"potentially":[288],"inhibits":[296],"multiple-drug-metabolizing":[297],"enzymes":[298],"transporters.":[300]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}