{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1567348482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","title":"Impact of Rank-Based Normalizing Transformations on the Accuracy of Test Scores","display_name":"Impact of Rank-Based Normalizing Transformations on the Accuracy of Test Scores","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1567348482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","mag":"1567348482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1519&context=jmasm","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180782769","display_name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","issn_l":"1538-9472","issn":["1538-9472","2950-4600"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316469","host_organization_name":"Wayne State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316469"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wayne State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1519&context=jmasm","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098138821","display_name":"Shira R. Soloman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shira R. Soloman","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNA Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNA Education","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023320850","display_name":"Shlomo S. Sawilowsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185443292","display_name":"Wayne State University","ror":"https://ror.org/01070mq45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shlomo S. Sawilowsky","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wayne State University","Theoretical & Behavior Foundations"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wayne State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185443292"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theoretical & Behavior Foundations","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.902,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":161,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79014331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"448","last_page":"462"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.6929000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.6929000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10968","display_name":"Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications","score":0.13920000195503235,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13500","display_name":"Probability and Statistical Research","score":0.066600002348423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardized-test-scores","display_name":"standardized test scores","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t-score","display_name":"T-score","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skewness-and-kurtosis","display_name":"skewness and kurtosis","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-sample-properties","display_name":"small sample properties","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skewed-distributions","display_name":"skewed distributions","score":0.7749999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166963901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287251","display_name":"Kurtosis","level":2,"score":0.825351893901825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.8138179779052734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.7492504715919495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116493835","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q764287","display_name":"Van der Waerden's theorem","level":2,"score":0.7237518429756165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22679943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159375","display_name":"Standard deviation","level":2,"score":0.6992002725601196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.6660236716270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122342681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330828","display_name":"Skewness","level":2,"score":0.6648910045623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.589525043964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20256973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050272","display_name":"Standard score","level":2,"score":0.44042131304740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4301697909832001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3520336151123047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.12329104542732239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1519&context=jmasm","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180782769","display_name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","issn_l":"1538-9472","issn":["1538-9472","2950-4600"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316469","host_organization_name":"Wayne State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316469"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wayne State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wayne.edu:coe_tbf-1004","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/coe_tbf/5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171990522","display_name":"Human Biology","issn_l":"0018-7143","issn":["0018-7143","1534-6617"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316469","host_organization_name":"Wayne State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316469"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wayne State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Theoretical and Behavioral Foundations of Education Faculty Publications","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.wayne.edu:jmasm-1519","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/jmasm/vol8/iss2/9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S171990522","display_name":"Human Biology","issn_l":"0018-7143","issn":["0018-7143","1534-6617"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316469","host_organization_name":"Wayne State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316469"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wayne State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/1257034080","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1519&context=jmasm","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S180782769","display_name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","issn_l":"1538-9472","issn":["1538-9472","2950-4600"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316469","host_organization_name":"Wayne State University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316469"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wayne State University Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1567348482.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1567348482.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31215148","https://openalex.org/W64096637","https://openalex.org/W103650626","https://openalex.org/W195470862","https://openalex.org/W606706437","https://openalex.org/W1530639888","https://openalex.org/W1532703968","https://openalex.org/W1547573674","https://openalex.org/W1585649873","https://openalex.org/W1979593580","https://openalex.org/W1979887753","https://openalex.org/W1983768315","https://openalex.org/W1989996599","https://openalex.org/W1994149163","https://openalex.org/W2008086028","https://openalex.org/W2015391954","https://openalex.org/W2018940391","https://openalex.org/W2022852240","https://openalex.org/W2027615005","https://openalex.org/W2028222991","https://openalex.org/W2028345942","https://openalex.org/W2030888059","https://openalex.org/W2074466695","https://openalex.org/W2075649497","https://openalex.org/W2079847031","https://openalex.org/W2080746169","https://openalex.org/W2087432348","https://openalex.org/W2088460382","https://openalex.org/W2097581696","https://openalex.org/W2111669400","https://openalex.org/W2134979490","https://openalex.org/W2143969840","https://openalex.org/W2145262637","https://openalex.org/W2157095832","https://openalex.org/W2314705578","https://openalex.org/W2519684988","https://openalex.org/W2556846208","https://openalex.org/W2796221598","https://openalex.org/W2797177778","https://openalex.org/W2802066458","https://openalex.org/W2995012600","https://openalex.org/W3016189756","https://openalex.org/W4230702621","https://openalex.org/W4232415733","https://openalex.org/W4238941286","https://openalex.org/W4241727697","https://openalex.org/W4298330243","https://openalex.org/W4299141168","https://openalex.org/W4391464594","https://openalex.org/W6672754470","https://openalex.org/W6771701854","https://openalex.org/W6812238741","https://openalex.org/W6995831674","https://openalex.org/W7011828667","https://openalex.org/W7053107269","https://openalex.org/W7070833347"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1530639888","https://openalex.org/W2032901191","https://openalex.org/W1939961896","https://openalex.org/W1991516429","https://openalex.org/W4411440079","https://openalex.org/W2119746384","https://openalex.org/W2153849783","https://openalex.org/W2352261862","https://openalex.org/W7097565001","https://openalex.org/W1497515207"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,11,21,40,129],"this":[3],"article":[4],"is":[5],"to":[6,27],"provide":[7],"an":[8],"empirical":[9],"comparison":[10],"rank-based":[12],"normalization":[13,58,113],"methods":[14,59],"for":[15,81,87,111],"standardized":[16,145],"test":[17,146],"scores.":[18,147],"A":[19],"series":[20],"Monte":[22],"Carlo":[23],"simulations":[24],"were":[25,60,66],"performed":[26],"compare":[28],"the":[29,42,63,70,76,82,88,94,108,115,127],"Blom,":[30],"Tukey,":[31],"Van":[32],"der":[33],"Waerden":[34],"and":[35,47,50,54,102,117,123,132],"Rankit":[36,91],"approximations":[37],"in":[38,114],"terms":[39],"achieving":[41],"T":[43],"score\u2019s":[44],"specified":[45],"mean":[46,64],"standard":[48,71],"deviation":[49,74],"unit":[51],"normal":[52],"skewness":[53],"kurtosis.":[55],"All":[56],"four":[57],"accurate":[61,96],"on":[62,69,144],"but":[65,85],"variably":[67],"inaccurate":[68],"deviation.":[72],"Overall,":[73],"from":[75],"target":[77],"moments":[78,84],"was":[79],"pronounced":[80],"even":[83],"slight":[86],"odd":[89],"moments.":[90],"emerged":[92],"as":[93],"most":[95],"method":[97],"among":[98],"all":[99,130],"sample":[100],"sizes":[101],"distributions,":[103],"thus":[104],"it":[105],"should":[106,134],"be":[107],"default":[109],"selection":[110],"score":[112],"social":[116],"behavioral":[118],"sciences.":[119],"However,":[120],"small":[121],"samples":[122],"skewed":[124],"distributions":[125],"degrade":[126],"performance":[128],"methods,":[131],"practitioners":[133],"take":[135],"these":[136],"conditions":[137],"into":[138],"account":[139],"when":[140],"making":[141],"decisions":[142],"based":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
