{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1566533489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.147129","title":"Efficiency in Foreign Exchange Markets","display_name":"Efficiency in Foreign Exchange Markets","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1566533489","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.147129","mag":"1566533489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.147129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.147129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.147129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.147129","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067226153","display_name":"Roberto Baviera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-979X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8557-979X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Baviera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Polytechnic University of Milan - Department of Mathematics, P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, Milan, 20133, Italy","Polytechnic University of Milan - Department of Mathematics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic University of Milan - Department of Mathematics, P.zza L. da Vinci, 32, Milan, 20133, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Polytechnic University of Milan - Department of Mathematics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024740157","display_name":"Michele Pasquini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-618X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6059-618X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michele Pasquini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita' de L'Aquila & Istituto Nazionale Fisic, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito (AQ), I-67100, Italy","Universita' de L'Aquila & Istituto Nazionale Fisic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita' de L'Aquila & Istituto Nazionale Fisic, Via Vetoio 1, Coppito (AQ), I-67100, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita' de L'Aquila & Istituto Nazionale Fisic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069330699","display_name":"Maurizio Serva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-1834","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8117-1834"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurizio Serva","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of L'Aquila - Department of Physics, Coppito di L'Aquila, 67010, Italy","University of L'Aquila - Department of Physics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L'Aquila - Department of Physics, Coppito di L'Aquila, 67010, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of L'Aquila - Department of Physics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084481285","display_name":"Davide Vergni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3227-5765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3227-5765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Davide Vergni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita' di Roma & Instituto Nazionale di Fisic, P.le A. Moro 2, Rome, I-00185, Italy","Universita' di Roma & Instituto Nazionale di Fisic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita' di Roma & Instituto Nazionale di Fisic, P.le A. Moro 2, Rome, I-00185, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita' di Roma & Instituto Nazionale di Fisic","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049436660","display_name":"Angelo Vulpiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-2859","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0976-2859"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Vulpiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universita' di Roma & Instituto Nazionale di Fisic, P.le A. Moro 2, Rome, I-00185, Italy","Universita' di Roma & Instituto Nazionale di Fisic"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita' di Roma & Instituto Nazionale di Fisic, P.le A. Moro 2, Rome, I-00185, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universita' di Roma & Instituto Nazionale di Fisic","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084481285"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10047","display_name":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10282","display_name":"Financial Risk and Volatility Modeling","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10067","display_name":"Stochastic processes and financial applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weak-efficiency","display_name":"weak efficiency","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-exchange-market","display_name":"foreign exchange market","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-frequency-data","display_name":"high-frequency data","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-content","display_name":"information content","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trading-rules","display_name":"trading rules","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-efficiency","display_name":"market efficiency","score":0.7269999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4603976309299469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536366893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66076","display_name":"Foreign exchange market","level":3,"score":0.44568905234336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983132609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66076","display_name":"Foreign exchange","level":2,"score":0.4362064003944397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.3945148289203644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3641391694545746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.36235707998275757}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.147129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.147129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.147129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.147129","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.147129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.147129","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67284852","https://openalex.org/W167953067","https://openalex.org/W1539020160","https://openalex.org/W1604565168","https://openalex.org/W1979161134","https://openalex.org/W1986395918","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2000088897","https://openalex.org/W2005424182","https://openalex.org/W2034489173","https://openalex.org/W2035416181","https://openalex.org/W2035737640","https://openalex.org/W2036488048","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2057116804","https://openalex.org/W2071511656","https://openalex.org/W2076209196","https://openalex.org/W2085125074","https://openalex.org/W2087171258","https://openalex.org/W2113687945","https://openalex.org/W2114715837","https://openalex.org/W2116807840","https://openalex.org/W2131773668","https://openalex.org/W2135520161","https://openalex.org/W2140971281","https://openalex.org/W2148402268","https://openalex.org/W2152456240","https://openalex.org/W2167478194","https://openalex.org/W2171984983","https://openalex.org/W2751862591","https://openalex.org/W2963876753","https://openalex.org/W3121987829","https://openalex.org/W3125246470","https://openalex.org/W3151910759","https://openalex.org/W4231546411","https://openalex.org/W4243066586","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4292963524","https://openalex.org/W4299432846","https://openalex.org/W4301253858"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7218328881","https://openalex.org/W7095639994","https://openalex.org/W383895694","https://openalex.org/W2007660581","https://openalex.org/W2129914201","https://openalex.org/W4242866455","https://openalex.org/W2037656539","https://openalex.org/W1971565071","https://openalex.org/W1977602480","https://openalex.org/W2066470415"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
