{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1566477375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","title":"Trade Liberalization in China\u2019s Accession to the World Trade Organization","display_name":"Trade Liberalization in China\u2019s Accession to the World Trade Organization","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1566477375","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","mag":"1566477375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-2623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","pdf_url":"https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/epdf/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"report","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/epdf/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020723808","display_name":"Elena Ianchovichina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5046-5103","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5046-5103"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Ianchovichina","raw_affiliation_strings":["","World Bank;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113643609","display_name":"Will J. Martin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1303","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1303"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will Martin","raw_affiliation_strings":["","World Bank;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12156","display_name":"World Trade Organization Law","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-liberalization","display_name":"trade liberalization","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china-s-wto-accession","display_name":"China WTO accession","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tariffs","display_name":"tariffs","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/export-competitiveness","display_name":"export competitiveness","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-gains","display_name":"welfare gains","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-reform","display_name":"trade policy reform","score":0.6190000176429749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993305921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8036315","display_name":"World trade","level":2,"score":0.8511191010475159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778221078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567586","display_name":"Accession","level":3,"score":0.8383558988571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7540023326873779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35532855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200435","display_name":"Free trade","level":2,"score":0.6933048963546753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.6896657347679138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58823610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418","display_name":"Liberalization","level":2,"score":0.5721805691719055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.4911632239818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4407649636268616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182769425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q377302","display_name":"Trade barrier","level":2,"score":0.42329132556915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3675130009651184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1956436038017273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.07888844609260559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910001868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q458","display_name":"European union","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-2623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","pdf_url":"https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/epdf/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:2623","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2001/07/27/000094946_01071704024384/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2001/07/27/000094946_01071704024384/Rendered/PDF/multi0page.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:3122443624","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:2623","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-025444759","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://elibrary.worldbank.org/content/workingpaper/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openknowledge.worldbank.org:10986/19606","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/2001/06/1490130/trade-liberalization-chinas-accession-world-trade-organization","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196270","display_name":"The World Bank Open Knowledge Repository (World Bank)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","host_organization_name":"World Bank","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1596/1813-9450-2623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","pdf_url":"https://elibrary.worldbank.org/doi/epdf/10.1596/1813-9450-2623","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464317","display_name":"World Bank, Washington, DC eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1566477375.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1566477375.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W104929590","https://openalex.org/W1503651217","https://openalex.org/W1514879321","https://openalex.org/W1561123410","https://openalex.org/W1588662007","https://openalex.org/W1592253136","https://openalex.org/W1931747814","https://openalex.org/W1988102840","https://openalex.org/W2028236186","https://openalex.org/W2028427600","https://openalex.org/W2037199299","https://openalex.org/W2037789255","https://openalex.org/W2063276487","https://openalex.org/W2071051344","https://openalex.org/W2088904943","https://openalex.org/W2097328383","https://openalex.org/W2114168727","https://openalex.org/W2278785360","https://openalex.org/W2317258003","https://openalex.org/W2921478419","https://openalex.org/W2922761183","https://openalex.org/W3110240011","https://openalex.org/W3124805299","https://openalex.org/W4300218277","https://openalex.org/W6604292898"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121511951","https://openalex.org/W7095553727","https://openalex.org/W7101208431","https://openalex.org/W2261371418","https://openalex.org/W2199952333","https://openalex.org/W2088172347","https://openalex.org/W2117986196","https://openalex.org/W2037789255","https://openalex.org/W2185858987","https://openalex.org/W2156411473"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"involves":[0],"reform":[1,15],"in":[2,30,62,87],"many":[3],"World":[4],"Trade":[5],"Organization":[6],"sectors,":[7],"both":[8],"domestic":[9],"and":[10,43],"trade-related.The":[11],"starting":[12],"point":[13],"for":[14],"is":[16],"a":[17],"partially":[18],"Elena":[19],"Ianchovichina":[20],"reformed":[21],"economy":[22],"with":[23],"Will":[24],"Martin":[25],"relatively":[26],"high":[27],"import":[28],"duties,":[29],"which":[31],"export":[32],"sectors":[33],"benefit":[34],"from":[35,50,76],"liberal":[36],"duty":[37],"exemptions":[38],"on":[39],"inputs,":[40],"Both":[41],"China":[42,52],"its":[44],"major":[45],"trading":[46],"partners":[47],"will":[48,68],"gain":[49],"access-with":[51],"gaining":[53],"most":[54],"(perhaps":[55],"half":[56],"of":[57,73],"the":[58,88],"estimated":[59],"$56":[60],"billion":[61],"annual":[63],"welfare":[64],"gains).Some":[65],"developing":[66],"countries":[67],"suffer":[69],"small":[70],"losses":[71],"because":[72],"increased":[74],"competition":[75],"China.The":[77],"adjustments":[78],"required":[79],"are":[80],"greatly":[81],"reduced":[82],"by":[83],"China's":[84],"dramatic":[85],"liberalization":[86],"1":[89],"990s.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
