{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1566450600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50304","title":"Obtaining diverse behaviors in a climate model without the use of flux adjustments","display_name":"Obtaining diverse behaviors in a climate model without the use of flux adjustments","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-04-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1566450600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50304","mag":"1566450600"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/jgrd.50304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34191384","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083270529","display_name":"Kuniko Yamazaki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0423-9417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0423-9417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuniko Yamazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052127234","display_name":"Daniel J. Rowlands","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel J. Rowlands","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061059569","display_name":"Tolu Aina","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tolu Aina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067725968","display_name":"Adam Tobias Blaker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-0131","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5454-0131"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adam T. Blaker","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Oceanography Centre  Southampton UK","National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Centre  Southampton UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038363811","display_name":"Andy Bowery","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andy Bowery","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042835991","display_name":"Neil Massey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-1341","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-1341"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Massey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055164073","display_name":"J. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7992-8033","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7992-8033"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069801375","display_name":"Cameron J. Rye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-1334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9244-1334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron Rye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford  Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic, & Planetary Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058582989","display_name":"Simon F. B. Tett","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-560X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7526-560X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simon F. B. Tett","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh; UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of GeoSciences University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh; UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014270925","display_name":"Daniel Williamson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-3300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8917-3300"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematical Sciences Durham University Durham UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematical Sciences Durham University Durham UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055789682","display_name":"Yasuhiro H. Yamazaki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yasuhiro H. Yamazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Geography Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Geography Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090929938","display_name":"Myles R. Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-7172","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-7172"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197940685","display_name":"National Oceanography Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/00874hx02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Myles R. Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics; University of Oxford; Oxford UK","National Oceanography Centre; Southampton UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Atmospheric, Oceanic and Planetary Physics; University of Oxford; Oxford UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Oceanography Centre; Southampton UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197940685"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4070,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4070},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0225,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86489033,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"118","issue":"7","first_page":"2781","last_page":"2793"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10029","display_name":"Climate variability and models","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12615","display_name":"Climate Change and Geoengineering","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbed-physics-ensemble","display_name":"perturbed physics ensemble","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux-adjustment","display_name":"flux adjustment","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-sensitivity","display_name":"climate sensitivity","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parameter-perturbation","display_name":"parameter perturbation","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coupled-ocean-atmosphere-general-circulation-model","display_name":"coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atlantic-meridional-overturning-circulation","display_name":"Atlantic meridional overturning circulation","score":0.8830000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6928609609603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168754636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620920","display_name":"Climate model","level":3,"score":0.654487669467926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.6238742470741272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6211413145065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5685215592384338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119898033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433888","display_name":"Ensemble forecasting","level":2,"score":0.5493865609169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.5140956044197083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.46942928433418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25022447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5178021","display_name":"Coupled model intercomparison project","level":4,"score":0.46925589442253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118365302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817115","display_name":"Atmospheric model","level":2,"score":0.43231990933418274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4181176722049713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781281996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17155572","display_name":"Ocean general circulation model","level":4,"score":0.415067195892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141452985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650994","display_name":"General Circulation Model","level":3,"score":0.3926338255405426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3689124584197998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.255364328622818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.24722030758857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16019108891487122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08007168769836426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/jgrd.50304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50304","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50304","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207178839","display_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres","issn_l":"0148-0227","issn":["0148-0227","2156-2202","2169-897X","2169-8996"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315809","host_organization_name":"American Geophysical Union","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315809"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Geophysical Union"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:nora.nerc.ac.uk:501876","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/501876/1/jgrd50304_Yamazaki.pdf","pdf_url":"http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/501876/1/jgrd50304_Yamazaki.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400758","display_name":"NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141816643","host_organization_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141816643"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Publication - Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:352431","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50304>).","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34191384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34191384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34191384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34191384.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34191384.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34191384.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.25405/ncl.34191384","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34191384","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.25405/ncl.34191384","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402485","display_name":"Newcastle University ePrints (Newcastle Univesity)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","host_organization_name":"Newcastle University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.9786999821662903}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4227455053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"noc010010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6445290220","display_name":"RAPID-RAPIT","funder_award_id":"NE/G015368/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","funder_display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332359","display_name":"Office of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00mmn6b08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334631","display_name":"Natural Environment Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02b5d8509"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179028390","https://openalex.org/W1520428197","https://openalex.org/W1677507768","https://openalex.org/W1966396962","https://openalex.org/W1974554825","https://openalex.org/W1991083929","https://openalex.org/W2005005245","https://openalex.org/W2008945247","https://openalex.org/W2010359146","https://openalex.org/W2015320755","https://openalex.org/W2020297124","https://openalex.org/W2038659671","https://openalex.org/W2046759075","https://openalex.org/W2051545515","https://openalex.org/W2080083599","https://openalex.org/W2091519010","https://openalex.org/W2097727747","https://openalex.org/W2108218364","https://openalex.org/W2109577531","https://openalex.org/W2110967629","https://openalex.org/W2116215293","https://openalex.org/W2127959837","https://openalex.org/W2133973238","https://openalex.org/W2144938919","https://openalex.org/W2149352528","https://openalex.org/W2160350364","https://openalex.org/W2162204743","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2936015262","https://openalex.org/W2939474406","https://openalex.org/W3034333871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145043510","https://openalex.org/W2008945247","https://openalex.org/W2994722957","https://openalex.org/W2182920685","https://openalex.org/W2065517579","https://openalex.org/W1677507768","https://openalex.org/W2010359146","https://openalex.org/W7135228831","https://openalex.org/W7096794443","https://openalex.org/W4404156397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"A":[1,54],"number":[2],"of":[3,12,47,62,68,85,88,107,109,138,161,200,230,235,306],"studies":[4,31],"have":[5],"set":[6],"out":[7],"to":[8,42,113,187,214],"obtain":[9,43],"a":[10,22,44,58,66,104,117,139,146,172,192,198,221,264,279,299,303,309],"range":[11,46,61,199,229,252],"atmosphere":[13],"and":[14],"ocean":[15,36,111],"model":[16,25,136,144],"behavior":[17,48,108,307],"by":[18,51],"perturbing":[19],"parameters":[20,137],"in":[21,65,93,116,223,253,258,263,274,281,288,308],"single":[23],"climate":[24,52,233],"(perturbed":[26],"physics":[27,311],"ensemble:":[28],"PPE).":[29],"Early":[30],"used":[32],"shallow":[33],"layer":[34],"slab":[35],"or":[37,257],"flux\u2010adjusted":[38],"coupled":[39,70,140],"ocean\u2010atmosphere":[40,141],"models":[41,71,89],"broad":[45,80,304],"as":[49,122,283,285],"characterized":[50],"sensitivity.":[53],"recent":[55,265],"study":[56,266],"reports":[57],"relatively":[59],"narrow":[60],"sensitivities":[63,234],"(2.2\u20133.2\u00b0C)":[64],"PPE":[67,100,262],"35":[69],"without":[72,167],"flux":[73,168,246,295],"adjustment,":[74,247],"raising":[75],"the":[76,86,110,157,180,184,204,215,236,251,254,259,275,289],"question":[77],"whether":[78],"previous":[79],"ranges":[81],"were":[82,91],"an":[83],"artifact":[84],"use":[87],"that":[90,114,243,286,294],"not":[92,188,298],"top\u2010of\u2010atmosphere":[94],"(TOA)":[95],"energy":[96],"balance.":[97],"Moreover,":[98],"no":[99],"experiment":[101],"has":[102],"reported":[103],"large":[105],"spread":[106,280,305],"compared":[112,213],"exhibited":[115],"multi\u2010model":[118],"ensemble":[119,153,175,186,206,238,256,277],"(MME)":[120],"such":[121],"Coupled":[123],"Model":[124],"Intercomparison":[125],"Project":[126],"phase":[127],"3":[128],"(CMIP3).":[129],"In":[130],"this":[131],"work,":[132],"we":[133],"randomly":[134],"perturb":[135],"general":[142],"circulation":[143,273],"using":[145],"space\u2010filling":[147],"design":[148],"containing":[149],"10,000":[150],"combinations.":[151],"The":[152,228,269],"is":[154,220,239,297],"run":[155],"over":[156],"distributed":[158],"computing":[159],"platform":[160],"climateprediction.net":[162],"under":[163],"fixed":[164],"pre\u2010industrial":[165],"forcing":[166],"adjustment.":[169],"We":[170,292],"resample":[171],"second,":[173],"20,000\u2010member,":[174],"with":[176,245],"perturbations":[177],"conditioned":[178],"on":[179],"TOA":[181],"fluxes":[182],"from":[183,191],"first":[185],"drift":[189],"significantly":[190],"realistic":[193,208],"base":[194],"state":[195],"while":[196],"targeting":[197],"behavior.":[201],"Models":[202],"within":[203],"targeted":[205,237,276],"show":[207],"regional":[209],"control":[210],"climates":[211],"when":[212],"CMIP3":[216,255,290],"ensemble,":[217],"although":[218],"there":[219],"bias":[222],"global":[224],"mean":[225],"surface":[226],"temperature.":[227],"predicted":[231],"equilibrium":[232],"substantially":[240],"smaller":[241],"than":[242,250],"obtained":[244],"but":[248],"larger":[249],"35\u2010model":[260],"un\u2010flux\u2010adjusted":[261],"mentioned":[267],"above.":[268],"Atlantic":[270],"meridional":[271],"overturning":[272],"exhibits":[278],"strength":[282],"wide":[284],"found":[287],"ensemble.":[291,312],"conclude":[293],"adjustment":[296],"pre\u2010requisite":[300],"for":[301],"obtaining":[302],"perturbed":[310]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
