{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1566045705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1327","title":"On Detecting Biospheres from Chemical Thermodynamic Disequilibrium in Planetary Atmospheres","display_name":"On Detecting Biospheres from Chemical Thermodynamic Disequilibrium in Planetary Atmospheres","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1566045705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1327","mag":"1566045705","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789355"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202896352","display_name":"Astrobiology","issn_l":"1531-1074","issn":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.08249","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033556543","display_name":"Joshua Krissansen\u2010Totton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6878-4866","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6878-4866"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Joshua Krissansen-Totton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences/Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences/Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022482224","display_name":"David S. Bergsman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-6417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0141-6417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S. Bergsman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021147042","display_name":"David C. Catling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-120X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5646-120X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David C. Catling","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Earth and Space Sciences/Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Earth and Space Sciences/Astrobiology Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033556543"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.8911,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":132,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9710643,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"1","first_page":"39","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.8779000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12788","display_name":"Space Science and Extraterrestrial Life","score":0.8779000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10406","display_name":"Planetary Science and Exploration","score":0.04340000078082085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10325","display_name":"Astro and Planetary Science","score":0.019999999552965164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1912","display_name":"Space and Planetary Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemical-nonequilibrium","display_name":"chemical nonequilibrium","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gibbs-free-energy","display_name":"Gibbs free energy","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biosignatures","display_name":"biosignatures","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exoplanet-atmospheres","display_name":"exoplanet atmospheres","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/planetary-atmospheres","display_name":"planetary atmospheres","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-s-atmosphere","display_name":"Earth's atmosphere","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/martian-atmosphere","display_name":"Mars atmosphere","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/titan","display_name":"Titan","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aqueous-phase-chemistry","display_name":"aqueous chemistry","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abiotic-processes","display_name":"abiotic processes","score":0.6769999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrobiology","display_name":"astrobiology","score":0.460999995470047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778146401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10916362","display_name":"Disequilibrium","level":2,"score":0.9358000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65440619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177974","display_name":"Atmosphere (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5665000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87355193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411","display_name":"Astrobiology","level":1,"score":0.5432000160217285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146477669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q334631","display_name":"Gibbs free energy","level":2,"score":0.5162000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539450922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544","display_name":"Solar System","level":2,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107218244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42762","display_name":"Biosphere","level":2,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73051877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189520","display_name":"Chemical equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.34869998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51244244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634","display_name":"Planet","level":2,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83260615","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6773121","display_name":"Mars Exploration Program","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131157278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q51363","display_name":"Thermodynamic equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.2815000116825104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120128738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143812","display_name":"Atmosphere of Titan","level":3,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124223222","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2281940","display_name":"Chemical process","level":2,"score":0.26930001378059387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22547674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582668","display_name":"Chemical energy","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74859849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2466686","display_name":"Non-equilibrium thermodynamics","level":2,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541104983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40015","display_name":"Solar energy","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001272","descriptor_name":"Atmosphere","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005118","descriptor_name":"Extraterrestrial Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008962","descriptor_name":"Models, Theoretical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013816","descriptor_name":"Thermodynamics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015203","descriptor_name":"Reproducibility of Results","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016083","descriptor_name":"Planets","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018559","descriptor_name":"Exobiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1089/ast.2015.1327","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1327","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ast.2015.1327","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S202896352","display_name":"Astrobiology","issn_l":"1531-1074","issn":["1531-1074","1557-8070"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320443","host_organization_name":"Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320443","https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.","SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26789355","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26789355","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Astrobiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1503.08249","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.08249","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.08249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1503.08249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1503.08249","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1503.08249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1503.08249","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1503.08249","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.08249","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3933476368","display_name":"GEOCHEMICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ANCIENT AND MODERN EARTH INDICATE TWO STEPWISE INCREASES IN ATMOSPHERIC OXYGEN LEVELS. THE 2ND INCREASE OCCURRED","funder_award_id":"NNX10AQ90G","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4412369094","display_name":"FPDS BASE DESCRIPTION, MULTIPLE YEAR AWARD&INCREMENTAL FUNDING FOR YEARS 1 OF 5.  THIS PROPOSAL IS ENTITLED, \"THE VIRTUAL PLANETARY LABORATORY.\"  THI","funder_award_id":"NNA13AA93A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","funder_display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G465804250","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NNA13AA93A","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331934","funder_display_name":"NASA Astrobiology Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331934","display_name":"NASA Astrobiology Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01qxmdg18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1566045705.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1566045705.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":141,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W87039126","https://openalex.org/W96219543","https://openalex.org/W567015073","https://openalex.org/W577085416","https://openalex.org/W584354179","https://openalex.org/W626924928","https://openalex.org/W635304611","https://openalex.org/W1183714694","https://openalex.org/W1482800202","https://openalex.org/W1492323923","https://openalex.org/W1495191584","https://openalex.org/W1514777804","https://openalex.org/W1515798186","https://openalex.org/W1532569322","https://openalex.org/W1550032295","https://openalex.org/W1551606998","https://openalex.org/W1560192268","https://openalex.org/W1569137870","https://openalex.org/W1569685525","https://openalex.org/W1571164332","https://openalex.org/W1573870568","https://openalex.org/W1585803698","https://openalex.org/W1599219088","https://openalex.org/W1601912106","https://openalex.org/W1625409494","https://openalex.org/W1631803154","https://openalex.org/W1637625250","https://openalex.org/W1659722434","https://openalex.org/W1677839332","https://openalex.org/W1835654170","https://openalex.org/W1963557830","https://openalex.org/W1968531999","https://openalex.org/W1968601895","https://openalex.org/W1971536112","https://openalex.org/W1972615373","https://openalex.org/W1972716255","https://openalex.org/W1973771963","https://openalex.org/W1979930541","https://openalex.org/W1988979641","https://openalex.org/W1990807386","https://openalex.org/W1991406394","https://openalex.org/W1992685216","https://openalex.org/W1993774995","https://openalex.org/W1999717073","https://openalex.org/W2000563339","https://openalex.org/W2004302761","https://openalex.org/W2005686998","https://openalex.org/W2010682632","https://openalex.org/W2011323719","https://openalex.org/W2015706057","https://openalex.org/W2022497729","https://openalex.org/W2023564979","https://openalex.org/W2026492004","https://openalex.org/W2027082523","https://openalex.org/W2027246215","https://openalex.org/W2028105314","https://openalex.org/W2028633943","https://openalex.org/W2034522930","https://openalex.org/W2035697154","https://openalex.org/W2038536395","https://openalex.org/W2041385689","https://openalex.org/W2041684917","https://openalex.org/W2047133648","https://openalex.org/W2056442755","https://openalex.org/W2056654044","https://openalex.org/W2057754948","https://openalex.org/W2058522703","https://openalex.org/W2062006106","https://openalex.org/W2063778532","https://openalex.org/W2066154329","https://openalex.org/W2066422942","https://openalex.org/W2067136639","https://openalex.org/W2068723602","https://openalex.org/W2069988303","https://openalex.org/W2072317197","https://openalex.org/W2077961676","https://openalex.org/W2079274359","https://openalex.org/W2079911719","https://openalex.org/W2080845140","https://openalex.org/W2084866557","https://openalex.org/W2088239609","https://openalex.org/W2089885891","https://openalex.org/W2090072502","https://openalex.org/W2093541015","https://openalex.org/W2096390283","https://openalex.org/W2100338030","https://openalex.org/W2100355413","https://openalex.org/W2105853689","https://openalex.org/W2111473359","https://openalex.org/W2115751232","https://openalex.org/W2116228691","https://openalex.org/W2116365914","https://openalex.org/W2126132005","https://openalex.org/W2127888210","https://openalex.org/W2128153489","https://openalex.org/W2136157000","https://openalex.org/W2136521267","https://openalex.org/W2147833251","https://openalex.org/W2148711597","https://openalex.org/W2149974215","https://openalex.org/W2152443065","https://openalex.org/W2154883656","https://openalex.org/W2155164325","https://openalex.org/W2159925295","https://openalex.org/W2160607304","https://openalex.org/W2166126247","https://openalex.org/W2170320163","https://openalex.org/W2318995768","https://openalex.org/W2436014181","https://openalex.org/W2494511086","https://openalex.org/W2612891974","https://openalex.org/W2616677595","https://openalex.org/W2765602929","https://openalex.org/W2767126550","https://openalex.org/W2959792658","https://openalex.org/W3003784252","https://openalex.org/W3015345043","https://openalex.org/W3015941340","https://openalex.org/W3022856611","https://openalex.org/W3037016578","https://openalex.org/W3043417091","https://openalex.org/W3098297133","https://openalex.org/W3100865025","https://openalex.org/W3124211507","https://openalex.org/W3143092841","https://openalex.org/W3149701544","https://openalex.org/W3161248867","https://openalex.org/W3185071287","https://openalex.org/W4210535821","https://openalex.org/W4229882358","https://openalex.org/W4230262084","https://openalex.org/W4233788062","https://openalex.org/W4242807495","https://openalex.org/W4249142363","https://openalex.org/W4249742157","https://openalex.org/W4252309631","https://openalex.org/W4300020856","https://openalex.org/W4300047260","https://openalex.org/W4302136504","https://openalex.org/W4302562364","https://openalex.org/W4388314065"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2952139802","https://openalex.org/W4391100242","https://openalex.org/W2989847841","https://openalex.org/W4411434735","https://openalex.org/W3099210843","https://openalex.org/W3109766612","https://openalex.org/W3158118802","https://openalex.org/W2189600545","https://openalex.org/W2038536395","https://openalex.org/W3014596149"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Atmospheric":[0],"chemical":[1,44,171],"disequilibrium":[2,17,45,78,130,172,201,224,243,272],"has":[3],"been":[4],"proposed":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,20,123,230,274],"method":[8],"for":[9,295],"detecting":[10],"extraterrestrial":[11],"biospheres":[12],"from":[13,142,258],"exoplanet":[14,261,276],"observations.":[15],"Chemical":[16],"is":[18,82,93,162,169,191,198,202,225,266,273],"potentially":[19,255],"generalized":[21],"biosignature":[22],"since":[23],"it":[24],"makes":[25],"no":[26],"assumptions":[27,252],"about":[28],"particular":[29],"biogenic":[30],"gases":[31,70,116],"or":[32],"metabolisms.":[33],"Here,":[34],"we":[35,52],"present":[36],"the":[37,42,54,58,151,157,170,176,194,207,222,235,245],"first":[38],"rigorous":[39],"calculations":[40,297],"of":[41,62,68,106,139,153,181,209,216,260,281],"thermodynamic":[43,271],"in":[46,50,79,131,156,244],"Solar":[47,99,158],"System":[48,100],"atmospheres,":[49],"which":[51],"quantify":[53],"available":[55,90],"Gibbs":[56,59,91],"energy:":[57],"free":[60],"energy":[61,92,173,178],"an":[63,113,279],"observed":[64],"atmosphere":[65,81,182],"minus":[66],"that":[67,105,241],"atmospheric":[69],"reacted":[71],"to":[72,85,97,117,144,164,175,185,268],"equilibrium.":[73],"The":[74,89,129],"purely":[75],"gas":[76],"phase":[77],"Earth's":[80,109,132,200],"mostly":[83],"attributable":[84],"O2":[86],"and":[87,102,121,212,253,286,293],"CH4.":[88],"not":[94],"unusual":[95],"compared":[96],"other":[98,154,246,287],"atmospheres":[101,155],"smaller":[103],"than":[104,150],"Mars.":[107],"However,":[108,263],"fluid":[110],"envelope":[111],"contains":[112],"ocean,":[114],"allowing":[115],"react":[118],"with":[119,126,187],"water":[120,214],"requiring":[122,278],"multiphase":[124],"calculation":[125],"aqueous":[127],"species.":[128],"atmosphere-ocean":[133],"system":[134],"(in":[135],"joules":[136],"per":[137,179],"mole":[138,180],"atmosphere)":[140],"ranges":[141],"\u223c20":[143],"2":[145],"\u00d7":[146],"10(6)":[147],"times":[148],"larger":[149],"disequilibria":[152],"System,":[159],"where":[160,189],"Mars":[161],"second":[163],"Earth.":[165],"Only":[166],"on":[167],"Earth":[168],"comparable":[174],"thermal":[177],"(excluding":[183],"comparison":[184],"Titan":[186],"lakes,":[188],"quantification":[190],"precluded":[192],"because":[193],"mean":[195],"lake":[196],"composition":[197],"unknown).":[199],"biogenic,":[203],"mainly":[204],"caused":[205],"by":[206],"coexistence":[208],"N2,":[210],"O2,":[211],"liquid":[213],"instead":[215],"more":[217],"stable":[218],"nitrate.":[219],"In":[220],"comparison,":[221],"O2-CH4":[223],"minor,":[226],"although":[227],"kinetics":[228],"requires":[229,250],"large":[231],"CH4":[232],"flux":[233],"into":[234],"atmosphere.":[236],"We":[237],"identify":[238],"abiotic":[239],"processes":[240],"cause":[242],"atmospheres.":[247,262],"Our":[248,290],"metric":[249],"minimal":[251],"could":[254],"be":[256],"calculated":[257],"observations":[259],"further":[264],"work":[265],"needed":[267],"establish":[269],"whether":[270],"practical":[275],"biosignature,":[277],"assessment":[280],"false":[282],"positives,":[283],"noisy":[284],"observations,":[285],"detection":[288],"challenges.":[289],"Matlab":[291],"code":[292],"databases":[294],"these":[296],"are":[298],"available,":[299],"open":[300],"source.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}