{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1565664333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57912/23889042","title":"The Relationship Between Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Locations, Changing Welfare Policies, and the Employment of Single Mothers","display_name":"The Relationship Between Metropolitan and Non-Metropolitan Locations, Changing Welfare Policies, and the Employment of Single Mothers","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1565664333","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57912/23889042","mag":"1565664333"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1565664333","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wop:jopovw:192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.57912/23889042","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090083923","display_name":"Signe\u2010Mary McKernan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183320395","display_name":"Urban Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/017pz3h73","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183320395"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"McKernan, Signe-Mary","raw_affiliation_strings":["Urban Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Urban Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183320395"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003734477","display_name":"Robert I. Lerman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lerman, Robert","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039220889","display_name":"Nancy M. Pindus","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pindus, Nancy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073402243","display_name":"Jesse Valente","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valente, Jesse","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11544","display_name":"Gender, Labor, and Family Dynamics","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10585","display_name":"Family Dynamics and Relationships","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-reform","display_name":"welfare reform","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-mothers","display_name":"single mothers","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metropolitan-areas","display_name":"metropolitan areas","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-metropolitan-areas","display_name":"non-metropolitan areas","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-variation","display_name":"regional variation","score":0.460999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/welfare-policy","display_name":"welfare policy","score":0.48399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-outcomes","display_name":"labor market outcomes","score":0.5139999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100243477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12002092","display_name":"Welfare","level":2,"score":0.8494091033935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158739034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1907114","display_name":"Metropolitan area","level":2,"score":0.7799388766288757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019420479","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204559","display_name":"Single mothers","level":2,"score":0.7040949463844299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.6300424933433533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777022163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7980969","display_name":"Welfare reform","level":3,"score":0.5671787261962891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.5303331613540649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4400908946990967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.4118328094482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3596850037574768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3406449556350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3106100559234619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1898275911808014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.11876755952835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1565664333","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:wop:jopovw:192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/23889042","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/online_resource/The_Relationship_Between_Metropolitan_and_Non-Metropolitan_Locations_Changing_Welfare_Policies_and_the_Employment_of_Single_Mothers/23889042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.57912/23889042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57912/23889042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57912/23889042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050618","display_name":"American University Research Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Other"},{"id":"doi:10.57912/23889042.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57912/23889042.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57912/23889042.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050618","display_name":"American University Research Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.57912/23889042","doi":"https://doi.org/10.57912/23889042","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.57912/23889042","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050618","display_name":"American University Research Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Other"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8974000215530396,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":0.5142999887466431,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W91986189","https://openalex.org/W328062508","https://openalex.org/W1480194047","https://openalex.org/W1510465317","https://openalex.org/W1537638703","https://openalex.org/W1579188456","https://openalex.org/W1878364609","https://openalex.org/W2025019222","https://openalex.org/W2049895578","https://openalex.org/W2154330909","https://openalex.org/W2274635785","https://openalex.org/W2591738386","https://openalex.org/W2603929201","https://openalex.org/W3117802729"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121717471","https://openalex.org/W2036345950","https://openalex.org/W2147541740","https://openalex.org/W1553524500","https://openalex.org/W4411240103","https://openalex.org/W2144783843","https://openalex.org/W7100825833","https://openalex.org/W7095249761","https://openalex.org/W2089389675","https://openalex.org/W4312983337"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,29],"use":[1],"individual-level":[2],"monthly":[3],"data":[4],"and":[5,22,26,47],"a":[6,36],"difference-in-difference":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9],"analyze":[10],"the":[11,17,41,48],"relationship":[12],"between":[13],"changing":[14],"welfare":[15,32],"policies,":[16],"employment":[18,42],"of":[19,44],"single":[20,45],"mothers,":[21],"living":[23],"in":[24,39,54,58],"metropolitan":[25,59],"non-metropolitan":[27,55],"areas.":[28,60],"find":[30],"that":[31],"reform":[33],"is":[34],"playing":[35],"major":[37],"role":[38],"raising":[40],"rates":[43],"mothers":[46],"gains":[49],"are":[50],"approximately":[51],"as":[52,57],"high":[53],"areas":[56]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
