{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1565245144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20955/r.81.41-64","title":"Credit Unions and the Common Bond","display_name":"Credit Unions and the Common Bond","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1565245144","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20955/r.81.41-64","mag":"1565245144"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20955/r.81.41-64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20955/r.81.41-64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20955/r.81.41-64","pdf_url":"https://files.stlouisfed.org/research/publications/review/99/09/9909wed.exe","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://files.stlouisfed.org/research/publications/review/99/09/9909wed.exe","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062148180","display_name":"William R. Emmons","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317239608","display_name":"Federal Reserve","ror":"https://ror.org/05fk5tr28","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William R. Emmons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Reserve System ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Reserve System ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112272271","display_name":"Frank A. Schmid","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1317239608","display_name":"Federal Reserve","ror":"https://ror.org/05fk5tr28","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank A. Schmid","raw_affiliation_strings":["Federal Reserve System ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal Reserve System ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1317239608"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.1328,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":49,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98417871,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"81","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12121","display_name":"Cooperative Studies and Economics","score":0.6782000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12121","display_name":"Cooperative Studies and Economics","score":0.6782000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14419","display_name":"Banking Systems and Strategies","score":0.23989999294281006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.04820000007748604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/credit-unions","display_name":"credit unions","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supreme-court","display_name":"Supreme Court","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-congress","display_name":"United States Congress","score":0.8529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.623698353767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69738904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11693","display_name":"Bond","level":2,"score":0.6161227822303772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4551997780799866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73283319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416617","display_name":"Financial system","level":1,"score":0.4394233822822571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.1485798954963684}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20955/r.81.41-64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20955/r.81.41-64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20955/r.81.41-64","pdf_url":"https://files.stlouisfed.org/research/publications/review/99/09/9909wed.exe","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:fip:fedlrv:y:1999:i:sep:p:41-64:n:v.81no.5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://files.stlouisfed.org/files/htdocs/publications/review/99/09/9909we.pdf","pdf_url":"https://files.stlouisfed.org/files/htdocs/publications/review/99/09/9909we.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:zbw:cfswop:199901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/78083/1/755407261.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/78083/1/755407261.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.201.3487","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.201.3487","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/review/99/09/9909we.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.732.4574","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.732.4574","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"https://www.ifk-cfs.de/fileadmin/downloads/publications/wp/99_01.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/78083","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/78083","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de:4578","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/4578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400432","display_name":"Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114090438","host_organization_name":"Goethe University Frankfurt","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114090438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"workingpaper"},{"id":"doi:10.3886/icpsr1214","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3886/icpsr1214","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3886/icpsr1214","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363604084","display_name":"ICPSR Data Holdings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4387153780","host_organization_name":"Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387153780"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20955/r.81.41-64","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20955/r.81.41-64","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20955/r.81.41-64","pdf_url":"https://files.stlouisfed.org/research/publications/review/99/09/9909wed.exe","source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.5473999977111816,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1565245144.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1565245144.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W135795571","https://openalex.org/W1502930520","https://openalex.org/W1533007440","https://openalex.org/W2017977879","https://openalex.org/W2028766148","https://openalex.org/W2032369521","https://openalex.org/W2036454494","https://openalex.org/W2108818539","https://openalex.org/W4236278096","https://openalex.org/W4240491954"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105732316","https://openalex.org/W7020649580","https://openalex.org/W7139228839","https://openalex.org/W331686576","https://openalex.org/W4406913935","https://openalex.org/W7223586181","https://openalex.org/W3162881363","https://openalex.org/W7099128384","https://openalex.org/W7099515167","https://openalex.org/W1523328106"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"distinguishing":[1],"feature":[2],"of":[3,23,43,47],"credit":[4,55],"unions":[5],"is":[6],"the":[7,21,27,31,41],"legal":[8],"requirement":[9],"that":[10,49],"members":[11],"share":[12],"a":[13,38,53],"common":[14,44],"bond.":[15],"This":[16],"organizing":[17],"principle":[18],"recently":[19],"became":[20],"focus":[22],"national":[24],"attention":[25],"when":[26],"Supreme":[28],"Court":[29],"and":[30],"U.S.":[32],"Congress":[33],"took":[34],"opposite":[35],"sides":[36],"in":[37],"controversy":[39],"regarding":[40],"number":[42],"bonds":[45],"(fields":[46],"membership)":[48],"could":[50],"coexist":[51],"within":[52],"single":[54],"union.":[56]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}