{"id":"https://openalex.org/W156368489","doi":null,"title":"The Case for Pre-Enlistment Physical Fitness Testing: Research and Recommendations","display_name":"The Case for Pre-Enlistment Physical Fitness Testing: Research and Recommendations","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W156368489","mag":"156368489"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:ADA426848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA426848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023990818","display_name":"Joseph J. Knapik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-1860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-1860"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph J. Knapik","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-1860","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091804129","display_name":"Bruce H. Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce H. Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111547192","display_name":"Marilyn A. Sharp","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marilyn A. Sharp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001510396","display_name":"Salima Darakjy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salima Darakjy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110173877","display_name":"Sarah Bruyn Jones","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sarah Bruyn Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04852635,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12138","display_name":"Occupational Health and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12138","display_name":"Occupational Health and Performance","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13189","display_name":"Physical Education and Training Studies","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-fitness-components","display_name":"fitness components","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-validity","display_name":"test validity","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-reliability","display_name":"test reliability","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/push-ups","display_name":"push-ups","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sit-ups","display_name":"sit-ups","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/one-mile-run","display_name":"one-mile run","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-attrition","display_name":"military attrition","score":0.6759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-injuries","display_name":"military injuries","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/job-performance","display_name":"employee performance","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-personnel","display_name":"military personnel","score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitness-test-battery","display_name":"fitness test battery","score":0.6010000109672546}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171687745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309252","display_name":"Physical fitness","level":2,"score":0.7826764583587646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5603492259979248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684868","display_name":"Attrition","level":2,"score":0.5435206890106201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4360049366950989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.37058258056640625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3565777540206909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.18511539697647095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1466667354106903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:ADA426848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA426848","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC AND NTIS","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:156368489","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA426848.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.7246000170707703}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W562670300","https://openalex.org/W6957986421","https://openalex.org/W234881971","https://openalex.org/W7054873582","https://openalex.org/W7008023057","https://openalex.org/W2418687147","https://openalex.org/W7099800559","https://openalex.org/W2356926835","https://openalex.org/W2768370151","https://openalex.org/W2768796754"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"reviewed":[2],"the":[3,36,92,124,127,130,141,203,224,228,242,249,268,282,296],"concept":[4],"of":[5,19,38,46,50,82,85,100,109,133,157,169,186,194,218,233,248],"physical":[6,14,20,39,51,58,115,134,195,255],"fitness":[7,15,21,52,59,116,135,144,196,204,225,234,250,256],"and":[8,30,44,72,104,139,164,222,289],"outlined":[9],"suggestions":[10],"for":[11],"a":[12,105,114,165,174,184,192,215],"pre-enlistment":[13],"test.":[16],"The":[17,41,75,153,252],"components":[18,37,132,205],"were":[22,53],"identified":[23],"by":[24,295],"reference":[25],"to":[26,31,35,90,149,201,273,277],"factor":[27],"analysis":[28],"studies":[29],"physiological":[32,42],"concepts":[33],"related":[34,148],"fitness.":[40],"validity":[43,261],"reliability":[45],"relatively":[47],"simple":[48],"tests":[49,60,145,197],"considered.":[54],"Criteria":[55],"against":[56,227],"which":[57],"have":[61],"been":[62],"validated":[63],"include":[64],"a)":[65],"performance":[66,212,240,286],"on":[67,120,214,241],"military":[68,188,229],"tasks,":[69,244],"b)":[70],"injuries":[71],"c)":[73],"attrition.":[74],"review":[76],"resulted":[77],"in":[78,123],"three":[79],"suggested":[80],"courses":[81],"action.":[83],"Course":[84,108,168],"Action":[86,110,170],"1":[87],"(COA1)":[88,258],"was":[89],"keep":[91],"current":[93,253],"Reception":[94],"Station":[95],"Physical":[96],"Fitness":[97],"Test":[98],"consisting":[99],"push-ups":[101],"(PU),":[102],"sit-ups":[103],"i-mile":[106],"run.":[107,167],"2":[111],"(COA2)":[112],"involved":[113],"test":[117,155,235,257,269,297],"battery":[118,193],"based":[119],"1)":[121,182],"findings":[122],"literature,":[125],"2)":[126,190],"assumptions":[128],"that":[129,143,177,198,237],"major":[131,180],"should":[136,146],"be":[137,147,274],"measured":[138,294],"3)":[140,210],"assumption":[142],"some":[150,260],"criterion":[151,243],"measure.":[152],"COA2":[154],"consisted":[156],"an":[158],"incremental":[159],"dynamic":[160],"lift":[161],"(IDL),":[162],"PUs":[163],"1-mile":[166],"3":[171],"(COA3)":[172],"recommended":[173],"research":[175],"project":[176],"involves":[178],"6":[179],"steps:":[181],"determining":[183,191],"set":[185],"critical":[187],"criteria,":[189,209,230],"are":[199,270],"assumed":[200],"measure":[202],"associated":[206],"with":[207,284],"these":[208],"obtaining":[211],"data":[213],"representative":[216],"sample":[217],"soldiers":[219],"4)":[220],"validating":[221],"cross-validating":[223],"measures":[226],"5)":[231],"selection":[232],"score":[236],"represent":[238],"acceptable":[239],"6)":[245],"periodic":[246],"re-evaluation":[247],"tests.":[251],"entry-level":[254],"possesses":[259],"since":[262],"individuals":[263],"who":[264],"do":[265],"not":[266,293],"pass":[267],"more":[271],"likely":[272],"injured":[275],"or":[276],"attrite":[278],"from":[279],"service":[280],"but":[281],"relationship":[283],"job":[285],"is":[287,292],"weaker":[288],"muscle":[290],"strength":[291],"battery.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}