{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1563184875","doi":null,"title":"The Legal, Ethical, and Social Implications of the \"Reasonable Woman\" Standard in Sexual Harassment Cases","display_name":"The Legal, Ethical, and Social Implications of the \"Reasonable Woman\" Standard in Sexual Harassment Cases","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1563184875","mag":"1563184875"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lawnet.fordham.edu:flr-3023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol61/iss4/2","pdf_url":"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3023&context=flr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196678","display_name":"FLASH - Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship & History (Fordham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","host_organization_name":"Fordham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fordham Law Review","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3023&context=flr","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066368953","display_name":"Robert S. Adler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Adler","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041522531","display_name":"Ellen R. Peirce","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","display_name":"Fordham University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qnxaf80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen R. Peirce","raw_affiliation_strings":["FORDHAM UNIVERSITY"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"FORDHAM UNIVERSITY","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":21.3792,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98779963,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"61","issue":"4","first_page":"773","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13926","display_name":"Feminism, Gender, and Sexuality Studies","score":0.02160000056028366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11548","display_name":"Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasonable-woman-standard","display_name":"reasonable woman standard","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-harassment","display_name":"sexual harassment","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/title-vii-of-the-civil-rights-act","display_name":"Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hostile-environments","display_name":"aggressive environments","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasonable-man-standard","display_name":"reasonable man standard","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reasonable-person-standard","display_name":"reasonable person standard","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-harassment-law","display_name":"sexual harassment law","score":0.6050000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778976716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240539","display_name":"Harassment","level":2,"score":0.8915396332740784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4574640393257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.445615291595459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.44555404782295227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C503263630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3655952","display_name":"Legal ethics","level":2,"score":0.44087451696395874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3944396674633026}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lawnet.fordham.edu:flr-3023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol61/iss4/2","pdf_url":"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3023&context=flr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196678","display_name":"FLASH - Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship & History (Fordham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","host_organization_name":"Fordham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fordham Law Review","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:1563184875","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3023&context=flr","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142409771","display_name":"Fordham law review","issn_l":"0015-704X","issn":["0015-704X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316489","host_organization_name":"Fordham University School of Law","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316489"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Fordham University School of Law"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fordham law review","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lawnet.fordham.edu:flr-3023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/flr/vol61/iss4/2","pdf_url":"https://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3023&context=flr","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196678","display_name":"FLASH - Fordham Law Archive of Scholarship & History (Fordham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","host_organization_name":"Fordham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Fordham Law Review","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"},{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.7307999730110168,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1563184875.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1563184875.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2035911898","https://openalex.org/W137455611","https://openalex.org/W7012942667","https://openalex.org/W169967585","https://openalex.org/W6921692924","https://openalex.org/W2063584261","https://openalex.org/W7006449695","https://openalex.org/W2019574034","https://openalex.org/W1999621910","https://openalex.org/W7128576639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"Article,":[2],"Professors":[3,72],"Adler":[4,73],"and":[5,10,74,79,94,111],"Peirce":[6,75],"examine":[7],"the":[8,13,23,28,31,44,54,64,81,90,101,116,142,145,150],"development":[9],"implications":[11],"of":[12,30,46,53,58,66,70,104,126,137,144,153,164],"\"reasonable":[14,92,95],"woman\"":[15],"standard":[16,84,119,163],"that":[17,98],"is":[18,156],"gaining":[19],"increasing":[20],"acceptance":[21],"as":[22,86],"appropriate":[24],"gauge":[25],"for":[26],"measuring":[27],"offensiveness":[29],"conduct":[32,106,165],"at":[33],"issue":[34],"in":[35,107,120],"sexual":[36,47,108],"harassment":[37,48,109],"cases.":[38],"The":[39,130],"authors":[40,131],"begin":[41],"by":[42,133,141],"reviewing":[43],"origins":[45],"law":[49],"under":[50],"Title":[51],"VII":[52],"Civil":[55],"Rights":[56],"Act":[57],"1964,":[59],"paying":[60],"particular":[61],"attention":[62],"to":[63,89,158,161,175],"history":[65],"\"hostile":[67],"environment\"":[68],"causes":[69],"action.":[71],"then":[76],"discuss":[77],"how":[78,112],"why":[80],"reasonable":[82,117,146],"woman":[83,118,147],"evolved":[85],"an":[87],"alternative":[88],"conventional":[91],"man\"":[93],"person":[96],"\"standards":[97],"had":[99],"been":[100],"usual":[102],"measures":[103],"culpable":[105],"cases,":[110],"courts":[113],"have":[114],"applied":[115],"cases":[121],"involving":[122],"a":[123,135,162],"wide":[124],"range":[125],"allegedly":[127],"harassing":[128],"behaviors.":[129],"conclude":[132],"discussing":[134],"variety":[136],"important":[138],"concerns":[139],"raised":[140],"implementation":[143],"standard,":[148],"including":[149],"fundamental":[151],"question":[152],"whether":[154],"it":[155],"fair":[157],"hold":[159],"men":[160],"that,":[166],"because":[167],"they":[168,171],"are":[169],"men,":[170],"may":[172],"be":[173],"unable":[174],"understand":[176],"or":[177],"appreciate":[178],"fully.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
