{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1563010049","doi":null,"title":"Analysis of the Determinants of Spatial Inequality in Ghana Using Two-Stage Least-Square Regression","display_name":"Analysis of the Determinants of Spatial Inequality in Ghana Using Two-Stage Least-Square Regression","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1563010049","mag":"1563010049"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1563010049","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/DCS/article/download/16233/16635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736389702","display_name":"Developing Country Studies","issn_l":"2224-607X","issn":["2224-607X","2225-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320723","host_organization_name":"IISTE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IISTE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Developing Country Studies","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066000317","display_name":"Charles Yaw Oduro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-6926","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-6926"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Yaw Oduro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8213-6926","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043271426","display_name":"Charles Peprah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-4836","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-4836"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles Peprah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1668-4836","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077567304","display_name":"Ronald K. Adamtey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-3066","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-3066"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ronald Adamtey","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1848-3066","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"20","first_page":"28","last_page":"44"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.5526999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Agglomeration and Urban Systems","score":0.5526999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic Trends and Sectoral Structure","score":0.23569999635219574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.06700000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-disparities","display_name":"regional disparities","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/socio-economic-development","display_name":"socio-economic development","score":0.9580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urbanization","display_name":"urbanization","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecological-factors","display_name":"ecological factors","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-south-divide","display_name":"North-South divide","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":0.492000013589859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39853841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161078","display_name":"Urbanization","level":2,"score":0.7842459678649902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.779547929763794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.498380184173584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.48590388894081116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.44616594910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781096014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105473709","display_name":"Spatial inequality","level":3,"score":0.44359123706817627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.43029019236564636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4187593460083008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.4076840877532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.40415143966674805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3975068926811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3954720199108124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11322316527366638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08378523588180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1563010049","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.iiste.org/Journals/index.php/DCS/article/download/16233/16635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2736389702","display_name":"Developing Country Studies","issn_l":"2224-607X","issn":["2224-607X","2225-0565"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320723","host_organization_name":"IISTE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IISTE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Developing Country Studies","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W589768557","https://openalex.org/W617617589","https://openalex.org/W998109458","https://openalex.org/W1525697548","https://openalex.org/W1572476106","https://openalex.org/W1827586593","https://openalex.org/W1869338382","https://openalex.org/W1970612908","https://openalex.org/W1978200228","https://openalex.org/W1979132028","https://openalex.org/W1983349862","https://openalex.org/W1988054330","https://openalex.org/W2001500677","https://openalex.org/W2004932232","https://openalex.org/W2012567965","https://openalex.org/W2037709016","https://openalex.org/W2042983220","https://openalex.org/W2043307827","https://openalex.org/W2048294418","https://openalex.org/W2055674659","https://openalex.org/W2061571401","https://openalex.org/W2075928107","https://openalex.org/W2078069108","https://openalex.org/W2082720484","https://openalex.org/W2094076485","https://openalex.org/W2095107847","https://openalex.org/W2098933054","https://openalex.org/W2104554535","https://openalex.org/W2106339565","https://openalex.org/W2114180139","https://openalex.org/W2122365998","https://openalex.org/W2122757622","https://openalex.org/W2133131583","https://openalex.org/W2147927488","https://openalex.org/W2153557264","https://openalex.org/W2159059931","https://openalex.org/W2159299618","https://openalex.org/W2165921400","https://openalex.org/W2169223645","https://openalex.org/W2276685375","https://openalex.org/W2282404348","https://openalex.org/W2480869257","https://openalex.org/W2735539053","https://openalex.org/W2920798614","https://openalex.org/W3125701855","https://openalex.org/W3125816847","https://openalex.org/W3189595047"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4416672116","https://openalex.org/W2488526925","https://openalex.org/W2275548249","https://openalex.org/W6888897992","https://openalex.org/W63612635","https://openalex.org/W6996689343","https://openalex.org/W2613523338","https://openalex.org/W2104829874","https://openalex.org/W2490515954","https://openalex.org/W1520682889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Achieving":[0],"spatially":[1],"equitable":[2],"development":[3,32],"is":[4,14,27],"a":[5,25,71,137],"key":[6],"policy":[7],"objective":[8],"of":[9,18,24,82,91,94,115,119,143,151,179,192],"many":[10],"African":[11],"governments.":[12],"This":[13,103],"because":[15,58],"the":[16,35,47,51,59,78,116,125,141,157,162,167,177,183,193],"persistence":[17],"glaring":[19],"inequality":[20,121],"between":[21],"different":[22],"parts":[23],"country":[26],"detrimental":[28],"to":[29,37,49,101,106,139,156,161,182,196],"its":[30],"overall":[31],"and":[33,76,80,112,131,166,187],"has":[34,61,86],"potential":[36],"trigger":[38],"conflicts.":[39],"In":[40],"Ghana,":[41],"attempts":[42],"by":[43,110],"successive":[44],"governments":[45],"over":[46],"years":[48],"address":[50],"problem":[52],"have":[53,69,98],"not":[54,62,84],"been":[55,63,87],"very":[56],"successful":[57],"phenomenon":[60],"adequately":[64],"understood.":[65],"While":[66],"prior":[67],"studies":[68],"done":[70,88],"good":[72],"job":[73],"in":[74,89,122,176],"examining":[75],"describing":[77],"nature":[79],"manifestations":[81],"inequality,":[83],"much":[85],"terms":[90],"formal":[92],"analysis":[93],"factors":[95,145,194],"that":[96,174],"might":[97],"given":[99],"rise":[100],"it.":[102],"paper":[104],"sought":[105],"fill":[107],"this":[108],"gap":[109],"identifying":[111],"analysing":[113],"some":[114,191],"plausible":[117],"determinants":[118],"spatial":[120,197,206],"Ghana.":[123],"Employing":[124],"two-stage":[126],"least-square":[127],"(2SLS)":[128],"regression":[129,214],"method,":[130],"using":[132],"district-level":[133],"data,":[134],"we":[135],"develop":[136],"model":[138],"test":[140],"effects":[142],"several":[144],"on":[146],"socio-economic":[147],"development,":[148],"including":[149],"levels":[150],"urbanisation,":[152],"ecological":[153,188,211],"factors,":[154],"proximity":[155,160,181],"national":[158,184],"capital,":[159],"inter-regional":[163],"highway":[164],"system":[165],"so-called":[168],"North-South":[169],"dichotomy.":[170],"The":[171],"results":[172],"show":[173],"differences":[175],"level":[178],"urbanization,":[180],"capital":[185],"(Accra)":[186],"conditions":[189],"are":[190],"contributing":[195],"inequality.":[198],"Keywords:":[202],"Socio-economic":[204],"development;":[205],"inequality;":[207],"north-south":[208],"divide;":[209],"urbanization;":[210],"zones;":[212],"2SLS":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}