{"id":"https://openalex.org/W156300527","doi":null,"title":"What Is Effective Supervision? A National Survey of Supervision Experts.","display_name":"What Is Effective Supervision? A National Survey of Supervision Experts.","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W156300527","mag":"156300527"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:156300527","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED455466.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022301597","display_name":"Vaughn E. Worthen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1419-3029","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1419-3029"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaughn E. Worthen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1419-3029","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059773480","display_name":"Brian W. McNeill","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian W. McNeill","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11295","display_name":"Counseling Practices and Supervision","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11295","display_name":"Counseling Practices and Supervision","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11028","display_name":"Social Work Education and Practice","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3321","display_name":"Public Administration"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12753","display_name":"Psychology, Coaching, and Therapy","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-supervision","display_name":"effective supervision","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychotherapy-supervision","display_name":"psychotherapy supervision","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervisory-relationship","display_name":"supervisory relationship","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-level","display_name":"developmental level","score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/assessment-and-feedback","display_name":"assessment and feedback","score":0.8410000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5446251630783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5287869572639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.46735480427742004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.4502880871295929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779885105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182263","display_name":"Empathy","level":2,"score":0.43243086338043213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4294317066669464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.3979514539241791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3356306552886963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.23473316431045532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.20278477668762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1312536597251892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:156300527","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED455466.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110416486","https://openalex.org/W635075798","https://openalex.org/W644498101","https://openalex.org/W1509366713","https://openalex.org/W1780822430","https://openalex.org/W1941760665","https://openalex.org/W1964715214","https://openalex.org/W1972226225","https://openalex.org/W1992048658","https://openalex.org/W1998910492","https://openalex.org/W2001735449","https://openalex.org/W2002043480","https://openalex.org/W2004257216","https://openalex.org/W2006070558","https://openalex.org/W2014266075","https://openalex.org/W2014285780","https://openalex.org/W2017654875","https://openalex.org/W2021813526","https://openalex.org/W2022135805","https://openalex.org/W2025754500","https://openalex.org/W2025907471","https://openalex.org/W2026229749","https://openalex.org/W2032980849","https://openalex.org/W2039078537","https://openalex.org/W2042777502","https://openalex.org/W2051125041","https://openalex.org/W2063909590","https://openalex.org/W2087500148","https://openalex.org/W2089841367","https://openalex.org/W2107396734","https://openalex.org/W2111405938","https://openalex.org/W2115837196","https://openalex.org/W2130792563","https://openalex.org/W2137781986","https://openalex.org/W2139837368","https://openalex.org/W2141472575","https://openalex.org/W2142441704","https://openalex.org/W2147266136","https://openalex.org/W2163860673","https://openalex.org/W2169610941","https://openalex.org/W2329948178","https://openalex.org/W2782878764","https://openalex.org/W2909319555"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3042946272","https://openalex.org/W49137418","https://openalex.org/W32542026","https://openalex.org/W2092856114","https://openalex.org/W174753804","https://openalex.org/W2890270932","https://openalex.org/W107887470","https://openalex.org/W2036739129","https://openalex.org/W7164406905","https://openalex.org/W2898647495"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Previous":[0],"research":[1],"regarding":[2],"the":[3,12,27,34,52,58,66,76,106,109,116,137,200],"supervision":[4,37,113,163],"of":[5,14,21,31,36,45,68,99,111,118,136,162,182,217],"psychotherapists":[6],"has":[7,194],"been":[8,195,210],"primarily":[9],"based":[10],"on":[11,57],"perceptions":[13],"supervisors":[15],"and":[16,29,47,65,82,92,94,130,142,185],"supervisees":[17],"at":[18],"various":[19],"levels":[20],"experience.":[22],"This":[23],"national":[24,160],"survey":[25,53,107,161],"examines":[26],"attitudes":[28],"beliefs":[30],"experts":[32,164],"in":[33,51,105,222],"field":[35],"concerning":[38],"what":[39],"constitutes":[40],"effective":[41,112,157],"supervision.":[42],"A":[43,159],"number":[44],"themes":[46],"recommendations":[48],"were":[49],"noted":[50],"including":[54],"an":[55],"emphasis":[56],"supervisory":[59,70,121],"relationship,":[60],"a":[61,69,96,119,134],"commitment":[62],"to":[63,75,85,114,212],"supervision,":[64],"adoption":[67],"stance.":[71],"The":[72,102],"results":[73],"point":[74],"need":[77],"for":[78,90],"clearly":[79],"articulated":[80],"tasks":[81],"procedures;":[83],"attention":[84],"developmental":[86],"levels;":[87],"accepting":[88],"responsibility":[89],"evaluation":[91],"feedback;":[93],"developing":[95],"clear":[97],"notion":[98],"desired":[100],"outcomes.":[101],"opinions":[103,220],"expressed":[104],"describe":[108],"goal":[110],"be":[115],"development":[117],"facilitative":[120],"relationship":[122],"characterized":[123],"by":[124],"empathy;":[125],"warmth;":[126],"trust;":[127],"mutual":[128],"respect;":[129],"flexibility.":[131],"Appendix":[132],"includes":[133],"copy":[135],"survey.":[138],"(Contains":[139],"4":[140],"tables":[141],"61":[143],"references.)":[144],"(JDM)":[145],"Effective":[146],"Supervision":[147],"1":[148],"Running":[149],"Head:":[150],"EFFECTIVE":[151],"SUPERVISION":[152],"kr)":[153],"tn":[154],".1What":[155],"is":[156],"supervision?:":[158],"Vaughn":[165],"E.":[166],"Worthen":[167],"Brigham":[168],"Young":[169],"University":[170,176],"Brian":[171],"W.":[172],"McNeill":[173],"Washington":[174],"State":[175],"U.S.":[177],"DEPARTMENT":[178],"OF":[179],"EDUCATION":[180],"Office":[181],"Educational":[183],"Research":[184],"Improvement":[186],"EDUCATIONAL":[187],"RESOURCES":[188],"INFORMATION":[189],"CENTER":[190],"(ERIC)":[191],"picrl-his":[192],"document":[193,224],"reproduced":[196],"as":[197],"eceived":[198],"from":[199],"person":[201],"or":[202,219,232],"organization":[203],"originating":[204],"it.":[205],"0":[206],"Minor":[207],"changes":[208],"have":[209],"made":[211],"improve":[213],"reproduction":[214],"quality.":[215],"Points":[216],"view":[218],"stated":[221],"this":[223],"do":[225],"not":[226],"necessarily":[227],"represent":[228],"official":[229],"OERI":[230],"position":[231],"policy.":[233],"PERMISSION":[234],"TO":[235],"REPRODUCE":[236],"AND":[237],"DISSEMINATE":[238],"THIS":[239],"MATERIAL":[240],"HAS":[241],"BEEN":[242],"GRANTED":[243],"BY":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}