{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1561964863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1031211","title":"Graphic Objects and their Contribution to the Image of the City","display_name":"Graphic Objects and their Contribution to the Image of the City","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1561964863","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1031211","mag":"1561964863"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13574809.2015.1031211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1031211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1031211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35062419","display_name":"Journal of Urban Design","issn_l":"1357-4809","issn":["1357-4809","1469-9664"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18341","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046093234","display_name":"Robert George Harland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-3417","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8334-3417"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","display_name":"Loughborough University","ror":"https://ror.org/04vg4w365","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert George Harland","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Arts, English and Drama, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Arts, English and Drama, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046093234"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1498,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93490114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"367","last_page":"392"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13699","display_name":"Public Spaces through Art","score":0.5336999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13699","display_name":"Public Spaces through Art","score":0.5336999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13757","display_name":"Graphic Design and Typography","score":0.23559999465942383,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.12120000272989273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphic-objects","display_name":"graphic objects","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-image","display_name":"urban image","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graphic-communication","display_name":"graphic communication","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legibility","display_name":"legibility","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-objects","display_name":"urban objects","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-perception","display_name":"visual perception","score":0.39899998903274536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779332521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820694","display_name":"Legibility","level":2,"score":0.8322176337242126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15724806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185925","display_name":"Graphic design","level":2,"score":0.6264388561248779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190703774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5597151","display_name":"Graphic communication","level":3,"score":0.5403310656547546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5329445600509644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5191625356674194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4779401123523712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.4522736966609955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205300905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63100","display_name":"Urban design","level":3,"score":0.4479132890701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104054115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216828","display_name":"Cohesion (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.41533809900283813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3706215023994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49545453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q69883","display_name":"Urban planning","level":2,"score":0.2781681418418884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.24557623267173767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.21966999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21213144063949585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21073493361473083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.17555946111679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.11169224977493286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13574809.2015.1031211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1031211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13574809.2015.1031211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35062419","display_name":"Journal of Urban Design","issn_l":"1357-4809","issn":["1357-4809","1469-9664"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Urban Design","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:cjudxx:v:20:y:2015:i:3:p:367-392","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13574809.2015.1031211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/18341","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/9335411","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/Graphic_objects_and_their_contribution_to_the_image_of_the_city/9335411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402585","display_name":"Loughborough University Research Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.lboro.ac.uk:2134/18341","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/18341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401023","display_name":"Loughborough University Institutional Repository (Loughborough University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I143804889","host_organization_name":"Loughborough University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143804889"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.8787999749183655,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W572451013","https://openalex.org/W574693854","https://openalex.org/W578714347","https://openalex.org/W582563266","https://openalex.org/W590401555","https://openalex.org/W604422373","https://openalex.org/W608811343","https://openalex.org/W610737432","https://openalex.org/W614012171","https://openalex.org/W614853332","https://openalex.org/W620965863","https://openalex.org/W636466526","https://openalex.org/W642112602","https://openalex.org/W1526836172","https://openalex.org/W1529253181","https://openalex.org/W1532354697","https://openalex.org/W1563693434","https://openalex.org/W1568439938","https://openalex.org/W1588043949","https://openalex.org/W1854833252","https://openalex.org/W1940436730","https://openalex.org/W1943915714","https://openalex.org/W1963596419","https://openalex.org/W1968983388","https://openalex.org/W1969358256","https://openalex.org/W2002931047","https://openalex.org/W2052740791","https://openalex.org/W2057311976","https://openalex.org/W2070007162","https://openalex.org/W2127532958","https://openalex.org/W2137666229","https://openalex.org/W2293106792","https://openalex.org/W2318814177","https://openalex.org/W2792159882","https://openalex.org/W2798977449","https://openalex.org/W3011464618","https://openalex.org/W3023333074","https://openalex.org/W3190389257","https://openalex.org/W3215585004","https://openalex.org/W4210326676","https://openalex.org/W4211005793","https://openalex.org/W4232131144","https://openalex.org/W4236992980","https://openalex.org/W4237603878","https://openalex.org/W4241323434","https://openalex.org/W6602240709","https://openalex.org/W6616844062","https://openalex.org/W6618728585","https://openalex.org/W6629454097","https://openalex.org/W6634681297","https://openalex.org/W6640771479","https://openalex.org/W6642678365","https://openalex.org/W6777187919","https://openalex.org/W7036909451","https://openalex.org/W7071559137"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2742144931","https://openalex.org/W4200398000","https://openalex.org/W1877506484","https://openalex.org/W4390031050","https://openalex.org/W2297330858","https://openalex.org/W6991429034","https://openalex.org/W7215953162","https://openalex.org/W6903966395","https://openalex.org/W7029515109","https://openalex.org/W2942699767"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,115],"explores":[2],"the":[3,17,22,25,29,59,67,101,107,114],"relationship":[4],"between":[5],"graphic":[6,69,82,97,104,121,127],"objects":[7,56,83,92,128],"and":[8,63,73,89,95,111,126],"urban":[9,68,81,91,112,124,130],"environments":[10],"by":[11,38],"adopting":[12],"a":[13,34,52,76,117],"critical":[14],"stance":[15],"towards":[16],"notion":[18],"of":[19,24,55,65,103,109],"image":[20,23,32],"in":[21,45,58],"city.":[26],"It":[27],"challenges":[28],"emphasis":[30],"on":[31],"as":[33,75,123,129],"multi-sensory":[35],"mental":[36],"construct":[37],"revealing":[39],"it":[40],"to":[41],"have":[42,93],"different":[43],"meanings":[44],"diverse":[46],"disciplinary":[47],"contexts.":[48],"In":[49],"exposing":[50],"how":[51,90],"miscellaneous":[53],"range":[54],"cited":[57],"literature":[60],"lacks":[61],"cohesion":[62],"sense":[64],"function,":[66],"object":[70],"is":[71],"introduced":[72],"illustrated":[74],"pervasive":[77],"epistemic":[78],"phenomenon.":[79],"Understanding":[80],"expands":[84],"established":[85],"ideas":[86],"about":[87],"legibility":[88],"intended":[94],"unintended":[96],"properties.":[98],"Through":[99],"considering":[100,120],"function":[102,108],"communication":[105],"within":[106],"cities":[110],"places,":[113],"introduces":[116],"framework":[118],"for":[119],"design":[122,125],"objects.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}