{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1560809752","doi":null,"title":"The photopic negative response of the flash electroretinogram in primary open angle glaucoma.","display_name":"The photopic negative response of the flash electroretinogram in primary open angle glaucoma.","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1560809752","mag":"1560809752","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11157891","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026301377","display_name":"Suresh Viswan\u00e1than","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7094-6980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7094-6980","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3017-7339"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Viswanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-6052, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-6052, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074824430","display_name":"Laura J. Frishman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-5109","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4226-5109"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L J Frishman","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108473050","display_name":"John G. Robson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J G Robson","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J W Walters","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J W Walters","raw_affiliation_strings":["From the College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"From the College of Optometry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":273,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93730503,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"2","first_page":"514","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.006500000134110451,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10170","display_name":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photopic-negative-response","display_name":"photopic negative response","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-electroretinogram","display_name":"flash electroretinogram","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/primary-open-angle-glaucoma","display_name":"primary open-angle glaucoma","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaucoma-suspects","display_name":"glaucoma suspects","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-field-sensitivity","display_name":"visual field sensitivity","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glaucomatous-damage","display_name":"glaucomatous damage","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-glaucoma-diagnosis","display_name":"early glaucoma detection","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease-progression-monitoring","display_name":"disease progression monitoring","score":0.6880000233650208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54497739","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474732","display_name":"Photopic vision","level":3,"score":0.8970590829849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.7858999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103796816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185153","display_name":"Erg","level":3,"score":0.7109853029251099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6937159299850464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778527774","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159701","display_name":"Glaucoma","level":2,"score":0.6798276901245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991803831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159701","display_name":"Open angle glaucoma","level":3,"score":0.6356399655342102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779113765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q681562","display_name":"Electroretinography","level":3,"score":0.5907637476921082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2364768","display_name":"Visual field","level":2,"score":0.5577391982078552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781092963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650050","display_name":"Intraocular pressure","level":2,"score":0.512516975402832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.438934326171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.19935989379882812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004596","descriptor_name":"Electroretinography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005902","descriptor_name":"Glaucoma, Open-Angle","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008027","descriptor_name":"Light","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009887","descriptor_name":"Ophthalmoscopy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009898","descriptor_name":"Optic Disk","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010775","descriptor_name":"Photic Stimulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012160","descriptor_name":"Retina","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014794","descriptor_name":"Visual Fields","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D058609","descriptor_name":"Visual Field Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11157891","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Investigative ophthalmology & visual science","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:1560809752","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11157891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2135443574","display_name":"Proximal retinal responses and the ERG","funder_award_id":"R01EY006671","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10676789","https://openalex.org/W18326312","https://openalex.org/W57491276","https://openalex.org/W103359763","https://openalex.org/W146546251","https://openalex.org/W166344711","https://openalex.org/W171985358","https://openalex.org/W1512008184","https://openalex.org/W1541257104","https://openalex.org/W1554060646","https://openalex.org/W1558161029","https://openalex.org/W1590162527","https://openalex.org/W1601103168","https://openalex.org/W1784695092","https://openalex.org/W1880340933","https://openalex.org/W1970548437","https://openalex.org/W1977604007","https://openalex.org/W2015566660","https://openalex.org/W2016055211","https://openalex.org/W2021088439","https://openalex.org/W2023893415","https://openalex.org/W2032226400","https://openalex.org/W2044569533","https://openalex.org/W2045931594","https://openalex.org/W2051650081","https://openalex.org/W2060049117","https://openalex.org/W2061401540","https://openalex.org/W2065635189","https://openalex.org/W2071951872","https://openalex.org/W2072098487","https://openalex.org/W2073273116","https://openalex.org/W2089675994","https://openalex.org/W2132438212","https://openalex.org/W2132854718","https://openalex.org/W2146262948","https://openalex.org/W2157825442","https://openalex.org/W2167619404","https://openalex.org/W2212128531","https://openalex.org/W2399668006","https://openalex.org/W2466268684","https://openalex.org/W2500846359","https://openalex.org/W2616044243"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2383195063","https://openalex.org/W166414316","https://openalex.org/W2139422576","https://openalex.org/W2259932962","https://openalex.org/W1554060646","https://openalex.org/W1991328173","https://openalex.org/W7096767788","https://openalex.org/W2909633125","https://openalex.org/W2002573036","https://openalex.org/W1558161029"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"To":[1],"determine":[2],"whether":[3],"the":[4,10,79,84,90,101,130,134,197,269,278],"photopic":[5],"negative":[6,127],"response":[7],"(PhNR)":[8],"of":[9,81,87,89,121,151,199,224,241,280],"electroretinogram":[11],"(ERG)":[12],"is":[13,264],"reduced":[14,171,247],"in":[15,60,139,234,271,276],"patients":[16,40,91,153,201,236],"with":[17,27,100,141,186],"primary":[18],"open":[19],"angle":[20],"glaucoma":[21],"(POAG).":[22],"METHODS:":[23],"ERGs":[24,120],"were":[25,92,98,154,163,170,177,180,229],"recorded":[26],"DTL":[28],"electrodes":[29],"from":[30,206,212,219],"62":[31],"normal":[32,122,242],"subjects":[33,63,123],"(16":[34],"to":[35,42,50,53,64,156,208,214,221],"82":[36],"years),":[37],"18":[38],"POAG":[39,47,152,200,226,235],"(47":[41],"83":[43],"years)":[44,52],"and":[45,58,106,132,145,148,179,194,217,255,274],"7":[46],"suspects":[48,227],"(46":[49],"73":[51],"brief":[54],"flashes":[55,71],"(<6":[56],"ms),":[57],"also":[59,228],"a":[61,74,125,265],"few":[62],"long":[65],"(200":[66],"ms)":[67],"red,":[68],"full-field":[69],"ganzfeld":[70],"delivered":[72],"on":[73],"rod-saturating":[75],"blue":[76],"background.":[77],"At":[78],"time":[80],"ERG":[82],"measurements,":[83],"intraocular":[85],"pressures":[86],"most":[88,225],"controlled":[93],"medically.":[94],"Visual":[95],"field":[96,250],"sensitivities":[97],"measured":[99],"Humphrey":[102],"C24-2":[103],"threshold":[104],"test":[105],"optic":[107],"nerve":[108],"head":[109],"cup-to-disc":[110],"ratio":[111],"(C/D)":[112],"was":[113],"determined":[114],"by":[115],"binocular":[116],"indirect":[117],"ophthalmoscopy.":[118],"RESULTS:":[119],"contained":[124],"slow":[126],"potential":[128,266],"following":[129],"a-":[131,144],"b-waves,":[133],"PhNR,":[135],"that":[136],"increased":[137],"slightly":[138],"latency":[140],"age.":[142],"The":[143],"b-wave":[146],"amplitudes":[147,169,233,245],"implicit":[149],"times":[150],"similar":[155],"age-matched":[157],"controls.":[158],"In":[159],"contrast,":[160],"their":[161],"PhNRs":[162,223],"small":[164],"or":[165],"virtually":[166],"absent.":[167],"PhNR":[168,232,244,270],"even":[172,257],"when":[173,248],"visual":[174,249],"sensitivity":[175,251,260],"losses":[176,204,252,261],"small,":[178],"correlated":[181],"significantly":[182],"(P":[183],"<":[184],"0.05)":[185],"mean":[187],"deviation":[188],"(MD),":[189],"corrected":[190],"pattern":[191],"SD":[192],"(CPSD),":[193],"C/D":[195],"across":[196],"population":[198],"whose":[202],"MD":[203],"ranged":[205],"1":[207],"13":[209],"dB,":[210],"CPSDs":[211],"0":[213],"11":[215],"dB":[216],"C/Ds":[218],"0.6":[220],"0.9.":[222],"small.":[230],"CONCLUSIONS:":[231],"are":[237,246,253],"smaller":[238,258],"than":[239],"those":[240],"subjects.":[243],"mild":[254],"become":[256],"as":[259],"increase.":[262],"There":[263],"role":[267],"for":[268],"early":[272],"detection":[273],"possibly":[275],"monitoring":[277],"progression":[279],"glaucomatous":[281],"damage.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}