{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1559664608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/ajgeb6.0000500","title":"Soil Restraint Against Horizontal Motion of Pipes","display_name":"Soil Restraint Against Horizontal Motion of Pipes","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1559664608","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/ajgeb6.0000500","mag":"1559664608"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/ajgeb6.0000500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/ajgeb6.0000500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/ajgeb6.0000500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214981","display_name":"Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division","issn_l":"0093-6405","issn":["0093-6405","2690-246X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018900534","display_name":"Jean M.E. Audibert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean M.E. Audibert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Project Engr., Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Houston, Tex"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Project Engr., Woodward-Clyde Consultants, Houston, Tex","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066980284","display_name":"Kenneth J. Nyman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86519309","display_name":"The University of Texas at Austin","ror":"https://ror.org/00hj54h04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth J. Nyman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Engr., Univ. of Texas, Austin, Tex"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Engr., Univ. of Texas, Austin, Tex","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86519309"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8988,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90194052,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"103","issue":"10","first_page":"1119","last_page":"1142"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10233","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Mechanics","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/buried-pipes","display_name":"buried pipelines","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipe-soil-interaction","display_name":"pipe-soil interaction","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lateral-soil-movement","display_name":"lateral soil movement","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laterally-loaded-piles","display_name":"laterally loaded piles","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-displacement-curve","display_name":"load-displacement curve","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-expansion","display_name":"thermal expansion","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earthquake-shaking","display_name":"earthquake shaking","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-action","display_name":"wave action","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-situ-testing","display_name":"in situ testing","score":0.6079999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-mechanisms","display_name":"failure mechanisms","score":0.6589999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182377489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337829","display_name":"Subgrade","level":2,"score":0.7637853622436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1553237","display_name":"Settlement (finance)","level":3,"score":0.7242810130119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6658289432525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123700513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4168092","display_name":"Culvert","level":2,"score":0.6641706824302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107551265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1458245","display_name":"Displacement (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5637128949165344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.46711429953575134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3849383592605591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28571927547454834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.13443365693092346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/ajgeb6.0000500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/ajgeb6.0000500","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/ajgeb6.0000500","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210214981","display_name":"Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division","issn_l":"0093-6405","issn":["0093-6405","2690-246X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5378999710083008}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092270732","https://openalex.org/W4402702741","https://openalex.org/W4313310312","https://openalex.org/W2745527744","https://openalex.org/W7124694164","https://openalex.org/W1966621387","https://openalex.org/W2128794541","https://openalex.org/W4372215773","https://openalex.org/W7129588559","https://openalex.org/W3203034756"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,114],"safe":[1,98],"and":[2,42,74,88,126],"economical":[3],"design":[4,99],"of":[5,16,23,26,65,100,116,162],"buried":[6,101],"pipes":[7,102],"subjected":[8],"to":[9,46,58,80,136,171],"lateral":[10],"motion":[11],"requires":[12],"an":[13],"accurate":[14],"knowledge":[15],"the":[17,24,33,39,50,53,61,66,71,82,97,122,127,138,160,163],"subgrade":[18,28],"reaction.":[19],"Too":[20],"often":[21],"values":[22,73,93],"coefficient":[25],"horizontal":[27],"reaction,":[29],"kh,":[30],"reported":[31],"in":[32,52,60],"literature":[34,68],"are":[35,56,94],"used":[36],"without":[37,43],"understanding":[38],"author's":[40],"intentions":[41],"thought":[44],"as":[45,79],"whether":[47],"or":[48,111],"not":[49],"conditions":[51],"particular":[54],"application":[55],"compatible":[57],"those":[59],"literature.":[62],"A":[63,150],"survey":[64],"available":[67],"discloses":[69],"that":[70,159],"numerical":[72],"formulations":[75],"proposed":[76],"were":[77],"such":[78],"underestimate":[81],"soil":[83],"restraint":[84],"against":[85],"flexible":[86],"culverts":[87],"laterally":[89,103],"loaded":[90],"piles.":[91],"These":[92],"inadequate":[95],"for":[96,141],"displaced":[104],"by":[105],"settlement,":[106],"thermal":[107],"expansion,":[108],"earthquake":[109],"shaking":[110],"wave":[112],"action.":[113],"results":[115,161],"a":[117],"laboratory":[118,164],"testing":[119],"program":[120],"show":[121],"complex":[123],"soil-conduit":[124],"interaction":[125],"associated":[128],"failure":[129],"mechanisms.":[130],"An":[131],"analytical":[132],"method":[133],"is":[134],"presented":[135],"determine":[137],"load-displacement":[139],"curve":[140],"any":[142,147],"size":[143,152],"pipe":[144],"embedded":[145],"at":[146],"given":[148],"depth.":[149],"moderate":[151],"in-situ":[153,172],"test":[154],"was":[155],"performed,":[156],"which":[157],"confirmed":[158],"model":[165],"tests":[166],"could":[167],"be":[168],"successfully":[169],"applied":[170],"conditions.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}