{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1558727484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","title":"Detection of hepatitis E virus in raw and treated wastewater with the polymerase chain reaction","display_name":"Detection of hepatitis E virus in raw and treated wastewater with the polymerase chain reaction","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1558727484","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","mag":"1558727484","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8368844","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/182320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","pdf_url":"https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/59/8/2558.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158228368","display_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","issn_l":"0099-2240","issn":["0099-2240","1070-6291","1098-5336"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/59/8/2558.full.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060814865","display_name":"Narayanan Jothikumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-9577","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5054-9577"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170347488","display_name":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/021r5ns39","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170347488","https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N Jothikumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170347488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109741013","display_name":"K. Aparna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-8641","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-8641"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170347488","display_name":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/021r5ns39","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170347488","https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Aparna","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170347488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687768","display_name":"Senthilkumar Kamatchiammal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7086-1709","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7086-1709"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170347488","display_name":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/021r5ns39","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170347488","https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Kamatchiammal","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170347488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018880989","display_name":"Ramasamy Paulmurugan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-4738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7155-4738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170347488","display_name":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/021r5ns39","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170347488","https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Paulmurugan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170347488"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S Saravanadevi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170347488","display_name":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/021r5ns39","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170347488","https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Saravanadevi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170347488"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"P Khanna","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170347488","display_name":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/021r5ns39","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170347488","https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210134808","https://openalex.org/I66760702"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P Khanna","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Madras Zonal Laboratory, Taramani, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170347488"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170347488"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7453,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93227233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"59","issue":"8","first_page":"2558","last_page":"2562"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12025","display_name":"Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology","score":0.9121000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12025","display_name":"Hepatitis Viruses Studies and Epidemiology","score":0.9121000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":0.05909999832510948,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10976","display_name":"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology","score":0.009800000116229057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hepatitis-e-virus","display_name":"hepatitis E virus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater","display_name":"wastewater","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wastewater-treatment-plants","display_name":"wastewater treatment plants","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-detection","display_name":"virus detection","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pcr","display_name":"PCR","score":0.41200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-concentration","display_name":"virus concentration","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sanitation","display_name":"public sanitation","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virus-prevalence","display_name":"viral prevalence","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slot-blot-hybridization","display_name":"slot blot hybridization","score":0.8069999814033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780777367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24757533","display_name":"Hepatitis E virus","level":4,"score":0.720587432384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58790150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10966166","display_name":"Sewage","level":2,"score":0.6300836205482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49105822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176996","display_name":"Polymerase chain reaction","level":3,"score":0.559781014919281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5031020045280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.46693864464759827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.46279123425483704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776907736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408634","display_name":"Ethidium bromide","level":3,"score":0.4235716462135315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4157394766807556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.36374199390411377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.32995548844337463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.21637269854545593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.15986159443855286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.12026503682136536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.11866286396980286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.07773372530937195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.07745158672332764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004279","descriptor_name":"DNA, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005069","descriptor_name":"Evaluation Studies as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006863","descriptor_name":"Hydrogen-Ion Concentration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012722","descriptor_name":"Sewage","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014871","descriptor_name":"Water Microbiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015342","descriptor_name":"DNA Probes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016751","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis E","qualifier_ui":"Q000635","qualifier_name":"transmission","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016752","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis E virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016752","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis E virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000302","qualifier_name":"isolation & purification","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","pdf_url":"https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/59/8/2558.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158228368","display_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","issn_l":"0099-2240","issn":["0099-2240","1070-6291","1098-5336"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:10196","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/182320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:182320","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/182320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Appl Environ Microbiol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8368844","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8368844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and environmental microbiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2598195896","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://aem.asm.org/content/59/8/2558.full.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.8.2558-2562.1993","pdf_url":"https://aem.asm.org/content/aem/59/8/2558.full.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S158228368","display_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","issn_l":"0099-2240","issn":["0099-2240","1070-6291","1098-5336"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1558727484.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W437178797","https://openalex.org/W1599338802","https://openalex.org/W1938014745","https://openalex.org/W1969267177","https://openalex.org/W1987532196","https://openalex.org/W1988798018","https://openalex.org/W2021719589","https://openalex.org/W2029585213","https://openalex.org/W2084619563","https://openalex.org/W2085570479","https://openalex.org/W2407398578","https://openalex.org/W2437498277"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461232838","https://openalex.org/W1748058140","https://openalex.org/W1908308328","https://openalex.org/W1974277256","https://openalex.org/W2093996594","https://openalex.org/W2376794110","https://openalex.org/W7168435016","https://openalex.org/W2405116605","https://openalex.org/W2115238305","https://openalex.org/W2147930609"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,138],"main":[1],"objective":[2],"of":[3,11,19,30,33,41,45,60,99,123,133,163],"this":[4],"study":[5],"was":[6,94,117,140,149],"to":[7,17,67,83,86,119,158,165,174],"determine":[8],"the":[9,12,31,89,100,121,129],"applicability":[10],"polymerase":[13],"chain":[14],"reaction":[15],"(PCR)":[16],"detection":[18],"hepatitis":[20,34],"E":[21],"virus":[22],"(HEV)":[23],"in":[24,37,52,62,88,111,125],"sewage":[25,63,126,135],"treatment":[26,136],"plants":[27],"and":[28,75,131,144],"establishment":[29],"prevalence":[32],"viral":[35],"diseases":[36],"a":[38,145],"population.":[39],"Epidemics":[40],"HEV":[42,61,85,124],"infection":[43],"because":[44],"inadequate":[46],"public":[47],"sanitation":[48],"have":[49],"been":[50],"reported":[51],"several":[53],"developing":[54],"countries.":[55],"A":[56],"procedure":[57],"for":[58,142,161],"concentration":[59],"samples":[64,127,156,172],"through":[65],"adsorption":[66,162],"membrane":[68,166],"filters,":[69],"elution":[70],"with":[71,78,113],"urea-arginine":[72],"phosphate":[73],"buffer,":[74],"subsequent":[76],"reconcentration":[77],"magnesium":[79],"chloride":[80],"enabled":[81],"us":[82],"concentrate":[84],"volumes":[87],"microliter":[90],"range.":[91],"HEV-specific":[92],"cDNA":[93],"prepared":[95],"by":[96,109,151],"reverse":[97],"transcription":[98],"total":[101],"RNA":[102],"extracted":[103],"from":[104,128],"samples.":[105],"Specific":[106],"DNA":[107],"amplification":[108],"PCR":[110,169,178],"combination":[112],"slot":[114],"blot":[115],"hybridization":[116],"used":[118],"demonstrate":[120],"presence":[122],"inlets":[130],"outlets":[132],"three":[134],"plants.":[137],"assay":[139],"specific":[141],"HEV,":[143],"240-bp":[146],"amplified":[147],"product":[148],"visualized":[150],"ethidium":[152],"bromide":[153],"fluorescence.":[154],"Sewage":[155],"adjusted":[157,173],"pH":[159,175],"5.0":[160],"viruses":[164],"filters":[167],"were":[168,177],"positive,":[170],"while":[171],"3.5":[176],"negative.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}