{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1557405359","doi":null,"title":"Did the Great Masters use Optical Projections While Painting","display_name":"Did the Great Masters use Optical Projections While Painting","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1557405359","mag":"1557405359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1557405359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/criminisi_icpr2004.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091150085","display_name":"Antonio Criminisi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-3374","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-3374","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3668-7014"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Criminisi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7976-3374","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051143560","display_name":"David G. Stork","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-2652","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-2652"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David G. Stork","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0135-2652","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.7229,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98257554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"645","last_page":"648"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13133","display_name":"Architecture and Art History Studies","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13133","display_name":"Architecture and Art History Studies","score":0.9678000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14002","display_name":"Art, Technology, and Culture","score":0.009499999694526196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1213","display_name":"Visual Arts and Performing Arts"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11212","display_name":"Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology (arts and humanities)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jan-van-eyck","display_name":"Jan van Eyck","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renaissance-perspective","display_name":"Renaissance perspective","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/projective-geometry","display_name":"projective geometry","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imaging-process","display_name":"imaging process","score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/painting-techniques","display_name":"painting techniques","score":0.36000001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205783811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11629","display_name":"Painting","level":2,"score":0.9165765047073364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162462552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134307","display_name":"Portrait","level":2,"score":0.7964764833450317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6539515852928162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.5357868671417236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195889767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174705","display_name":"Oil painting","level":3,"score":0.5343868732452393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543847140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2642826","display_name":"Realism","level":2,"score":0.474764347076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778983918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188830","display_name":"Wife","level":2,"score":0.46197569370269775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.44668564200401306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52119013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50637","display_name":"Art history","level":1,"score":0.3947146534919739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3853493630886078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32156631350517273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.15635156631469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1557405359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/criminisi_icpr2004.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505157952","https://openalex.org/W1965930248","https://openalex.org/W2011511252","https://openalex.org/W2057050522","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2097543505","https://openalex.org/W2145023731"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4256593487","https://openalex.org/W2011511252","https://openalex.org/W2051423805","https://openalex.org/W1988145956","https://openalex.org/W1884972329","https://openalex.org/W2567371752","https://openalex.org/W7099499887","https://openalex.org/W4377996860","https://openalex.org/W2079138192","https://openalex.org/W3128966259"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently":[0],"it":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"claimed":[4],"that":[5,117,157,196],"as":[6,8,123,172],"early":[7],"1420":[9],"some":[10],"European":[11],"artists":[12],"constructed":[13],"their":[14,21],"paintings":[15],"by":[16],"optically":[17],"projecting":[18],"images":[19,37],"onto":[20],"supports":[22],"(canvas,":[23],"oak":[24],"panel,":[25],"etc.)":[26],"and":[27,96,147,153],"then":[28],"tracing":[29],"or":[30],"painting":[31,79,202],"over":[32],"these":[33],"projections.":[34],"Because":[35],"projected":[36],"obey":[38],"the":[39,52,66,82,85,87,100,107,109,126,159,162,169,175,178,191,194,203],"laws":[40],"of":[41,46,55,69,77,84,94,103,106,132,164,177,193],"perspective,":[42],"a":[43,75,78,141],"powerful":[44],"test":[45],"this":[47,133,185],"claim":[48,195],"centers":[49],"on":[50,74,190],"analyzing":[51,65],"geometric":[53,115,149],"accuracy":[54,68],"key":[56],"Renaissance":[57],"paintings.":[58,70],"This":[59],"paper":[60,134,186],"investigates":[61],"new":[62],"techniques":[63],"for":[64,145],"perspective":[67],"Notably,":[71],"we":[72,139,155],"focus":[73],"portion":[76],"central":[80],"to":[81,121,174],"debate":[83],"theory:":[86],"chandelier":[88],"in":[89,151,158,168,184,201],"Jan":[90],"van":[91],"Eyck\u2019s":[92],"Portrait":[93],"Arnolfini":[95,160,204],"his":[97],"wife.":[98],"Despite":[99],"high":[101],"level":[102],"visual":[104],"realism":[105],"painting,":[108],"technique":[110,144],"proposed":[111],"here":[112],"highlights":[113],"large":[114],"inaccuracies":[116,150,166],"are":[118],"very":[119],"hard":[120],"explain":[122],"arising":[124],"from":[125],"optical":[127,197],"projection":[128],"route.":[129],"The":[130,181],"contribution":[131],"is":[135],"two":[136],"fold:":[137],"i)":[138],"present":[140],"projective":[142],"geometry-based":[143],"detecting":[146],"measuring":[148],"paintings,":[152],"ii)":[154],"demonstrate":[156],"portrait":[161],"source":[163],"those":[165],"lies":[167],"imaging":[170],"process,":[171],"opposed":[173],"manufacturing":[176],"actual":[179],"chandelier.":[180],"results":[182],"presented":[183],"cast":[187],"serious":[188],"doubts":[189],"validity":[192],"tools":[198],"were":[199],"employed":[200],"portrait.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}