{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1557246798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833614","title":"The United States and Her Creditors: Can the Symbiosis Last?","display_name":"The United States and Her Creditors: Can the Symbiosis Last?","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1557246798","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833614","mag":"1557246798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1833614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833614","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059137082","display_name":"Wynne Godley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39661318","display_name":"Bard College","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrgt058","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39661318"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wynne Godley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000, United States","Bard College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bard College, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39661318"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bard College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39661318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075262684","display_name":"Dimitri B. Papadimitriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7677-9271","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7677-9271"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39661318","display_name":"Bard College","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrgt058","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39661318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52700163","display_name":"Levy Economics Institute of Bard College","ror":"https://ror.org/04w441351","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52700163"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dimitri B. Papadimitriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bard College - Levy Economics Institute, Blithewood, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504, United States","Bard College - Levy Economics Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bard College - Levy Economics Institute, Blithewood, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39661318","https://openalex.org/I52700163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bard College - Levy Economics Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39661318","https://openalex.org/I52700163"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102438017","display_name":"Cl\u00e1udio Hamilton Matos dos Santos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-7828","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1952-7828"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52700163","display_name":"Levy Economics Institute of Bard College","ror":"https://ror.org/04w441351","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52700163"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudio H. Dos Santos","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Levy Economics Institute, Blithewood, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504, United States","The Levy Economics Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Levy Economics Institute, Blithewood, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52700163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Levy Economics Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52700163"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064594862","display_name":"Gennaro Zezza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-1657","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7483-1657"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186995768","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli studi di Cassino e del Lazio Meridionale","ror":"https://ror.org/04nxkaq16","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39661318","display_name":"Bard College","ror":"https://ror.org/04yrgt058","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39661318"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52700163","display_name":"Levy Economics Institute of Bard College","ror":"https://ror.org/04w441351","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52700163"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gennaro Zezza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bard College - The Levy Economics Institute, Blithewood, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000, United States","University of Cassino - Department of Economics, Cassino, Italy","Bard College - The Levy Economics Institute","University of Cassino - Department of Economics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bard College - The Levy Economics Institute, Blithewood, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39661318","https://openalex.org/I52700163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cassino - Department of Economics, Cassino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bard College - The Levy Economics Institute","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39661318","https://openalex.org/I52700163"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cassino - Department of Economics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186995768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059137082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39661318"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.8363999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10503","display_name":"Global Financial Crisis and Policies","score":0.8363999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11621","display_name":"Fiscal Policies and Political Economy","score":0.0908999964594841,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11742","display_name":"Economic Theory and Policy","score":0.06360000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-account-deficit","display_name":"current account deficit","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-trade-deficit","display_name":"US trade deficit","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/net-foreign-assets","display_name":"net foreign assets","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-savings","display_name":"personal savings","score":0.4830000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/personal-debt","display_name":"personal debt","score":0.621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/housing-market","display_name":"housing market","score":0.8429999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/budget-deficit","display_name":"budget deficit","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-debt","display_name":"public debt","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fiscal-stimulus","display_name":"fiscal stimulus","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aggregate-demand","display_name":"aggregate demand","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disinflation","display_name":"disinflation","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dollar-depreciation","display_name":"dollar depreciation","score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-exchange-rate","display_name":"real exchange rate","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protectionism","display_name":"protectionism","score":0.5649999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reserve-accumulation","display_name":"reserve accumulation","score":0.5199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/us-china-relations","display_name":"US-China relations","score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-capital-flows","display_name":"international capital flows","score":0.3619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interest-rates","display_name":"interest rates","score":0.35499998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159091798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157165","display_name":"Creditor","level":3,"score":0.7356950044631958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43144210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121610","display_name":"Symbiosis","level":3,"score":0.562243640422821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.436208039522171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.13553375005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.13291087746620178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.07877621054649353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0747409462928772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1833614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unicas.it:11580/4959","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11580/4959","pdf_url":"http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/sa_sep_05.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055277","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Cassino","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.172.3641","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.172.3641","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.levyinstitute.org/pubs/sa_sep_05.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.1833614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833614","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1833614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1557246798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1557246798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965753518","https://openalex.org/W2137016177","https://openalex.org/W2156981674","https://openalex.org/W2465125460","https://openalex.org/W2501700809","https://openalex.org/W4245721724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160767162","https://openalex.org/W1594095762","https://openalex.org/W2294214257","https://openalex.org/W2486733285","https://openalex.org/W7099354469","https://openalex.org/W2038271807","https://openalex.org/W7099856281","https://openalex.org/W1509076548","https://openalex.org/W113238640","https://openalex.org/W7095402030"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
